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Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion

Traversing a matrix means visiting each element of the matrix exactly once, either row-wise or column-wise or in some other order, depending on the requirements. Traversing a matrix using recursion means visiting each element of the matrix by calling a recursive function that traverses the neighboring elements of the current element until all the elements have been visited.

Program Solution

// C Program
// Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define R 6 
#define C 5
// Recursively, display elements of given matrix
void show_element(int r,int c, int i,int j,int matrix[R][C]) 
{
    if(i >= r)
    {
        // When has been already executed all rows
        return;
    }
    else if(j >= c)
    {
        // Change row
        printf("\n");
        // visit to next row
        show_element(r,c,i+1,0,matrix);
    }
    else
    {
        // print element
        printf("  %d",matrix[i][j]);

        // visit to next column
        show_element(r,c,i,j+1,matrix); 
    }
}

// Handles the request of display matrix elements
void print_matrix(int matrix[R][C]) 
{
    printf("  Matrix Elements \n");
    show_element(R,C,0,0,matrix);
    printf("\n");
}

int main()
{

    // Define matrix of integer elements
    int matrix[R][C] = 
    {
        {1, 9, 8 , 3  , 7},
        {3, -1, 5 , 3 , 8},
        {1, 3,  4,  6 , 11},
        {0, 8,  8,  6 , 2},
        {1, 3,  4,  5 , 10},
        {3, 5,  7,  2 , 8}
    };
 
    print_matrix(matrix);

  return 0;
}

Output

  Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

/*
    Java program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
// Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	// Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	public void show_element(int r, int c, int i, int j, int[][] matrix)
	{
		if (i >= r)
		{
			// When has been already executed all rows
			return;
		}
		else if (j >= c)
		{
			// Change row
			System.out.print("\n");
			// visit to next row
			show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			// print element
			System.out.print("  " + matrix[i][j]);
			// visit to next column
			show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	// Handles the request of display matrix elements
	public void print_matrix(int[][] matrix)
	{
        // Get the size
		int row = matrix.length;
		int col = matrix[0].length;
		System.out.print(" Matrix Elements \n");
		show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		System.out.print("\n");
	}
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		MyMatrix obj = new MyMatrix();
		// Define matrix of integer elements
		int[][] matrix = {
			{ 1 , 9 , 8 , 3 , 7  } ,
            { 3 , -1 , 5 , 3 , 8 } , 
            { 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 11 } , 
            { 0 , 8 , 8 , 6 , 2  } , 
            { 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 10 } , 
            { 3 , 5 , 7 , 2 , 8  }
		};
		obj.print_matrix(matrix);
	}
}

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

// Include header file
#include <iostream>
#define R 6 
#define C 5

using namespace std;
/*
    C++ program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	public:
		//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
		void show_element(int i, int j, int matrix [R][C])
		{
			//  When has been already executed all rows
			if (i >= R)
			{
				return;
			}
			else if (j >= C)
			{
				//  Change row
				cout << "\n";
				//  visit to next row
				this->show_element( i + 1, 0, matrix);
			}
			else
			{
				//  print element
				cout << "  " << matrix[i][j];
				//  visit to next column
				this->show_element(i, j + 1, matrix);
			}
		}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	void print_matrix(int matrix[R][C])
	{
		//  Get the size
		cout << " Matrix Elements \n";
		this->show_element( 0, 0, matrix);
		cout << "\n";
	}
};
int main()
{
	MyMatrix obj = MyMatrix();
	//  Define matrix of integer elements
	int matrix[R][C] = {
        {1, 9, 8 , 3  , 7},
        {3, -1, 5 , 3 , 8},
        {1, 3,  4,  6 , 11},
        {0, 8,  8,  6 , 2},
        {1, 3,  4,  5 , 10},
        {3, 5,  7,  2 , 8}
    };
	obj.print_matrix(matrix);
	return 0;
}

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

// Include namespace system
using System;
/*
    C# program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
public class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	public void show_element(int r, int c, int i, int j, int[,] matrix)
	{
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if (i >= r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else if (j >= c)
		{
			//  Change row
			Console.Write("\n");
			//  visit to next row
			show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			Console.Write("  " + matrix[i,j]);
			//  visit to next column
			show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	public void print_matrix(int[,] matrix)
	{
		//  Get the size
		int row = matrix.GetLength(0);
		int col = matrix.GetLength(1);
		Console.Write(" Matrix Elements \n");
		show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		Console.Write("\n");
	}
	public static void Main(String[] args)
	{
		MyMatrix obj = new MyMatrix();
		//  Define matrix of integer elements
		int[,] matrix = {
          {1, 9, 8 , 3  , 7},
          {3, -1, 5 , 3 , 8},
          {1, 3,  4,  6 , 11},
          {0, 8,  8,  6 , 2},
          {1, 3,  4,  5 , 10},
          {3, 5,  7,  2 , 8}
    };
		obj.print_matrix(matrix);
	}
}

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

<?php
/*
    Php program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	public	function show_element($r, $c, $i, $j, & $matrix)
	{
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if ($i >= $r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else if ($j >= $c)
		{
			//  Change row
			echo "\n";
			//  visit to next row
			$this->show_element($r, $c, $i + 1, 0, $matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			echo "  ". $matrix[$i][$j];
			//  visit to next column
			$this->show_element($r, $c, $i, $j + 1, $matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	public	function print_matrix( & $matrix)
	{
		//  Get the size
		$row = count($matrix);
		$col = count($matrix[0]);
		echo " Matrix Elements \n";
		$this->show_element($row, $col, 0, 0, $matrix);
		echo "\n";
	}
}

function main()
{
	$obj = new MyMatrix();
	//  Define matrix of integer elements
	$matrix = array(
      array(1, 9, 8, 3, 7), 
      array(3, -1, 5, 3, 8), 
      array(1, 3, 4, 6, 11), 
      array(0, 8, 8, 6, 2), 
      array(1, 3, 4, 5, 10), 
      array(3, 5, 7, 2, 8)
    );
	$obj->print_matrix($matrix);
}
main();

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

/*
    Node Js program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	show_element(r, c, i, j, matrix)
	{
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if (i >= r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else if (j >= c)
		{
			//  Change row
			process.stdout.write("\n");
			//  visit to next row
			this.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			process.stdout.write("  " + matrix[i][j]);
			//  visit to next column
			this.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	print_matrix(matrix)
	{
		//  Get the size
		var row = matrix.length;
		var col = matrix[0].length;
		process.stdout.write(" Matrix Elements \n");
		this.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		process.stdout.write("\n");
	}
}

function main()
{
	var obj = new MyMatrix();
	//  Define matrix of integer elements
	var matrix = [
		[1, 9, 8, 3, 7] , 
      	[3, -1, 5, 3, 8] , 
      	[1, 3, 4, 6, 11] , 
      	[0, 8, 8, 6, 2] , 
      	[1, 3, 4, 5, 10] , 
      	[3, 5, 7, 2, 8]
	];
	obj.print_matrix(matrix);
}
main();

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

#  Python 3 program 
#  Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion

#  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix :
	#  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	def show_element(self, r, c, i, j, matrix) :
		if (i >= r) :
			#  When has been already executed all rows
			return
		
		elif(j >= c) :
			#  Change row
			print("\n", end = "")
			#  visit to next row
			self.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix)
		else :
			#  print element
			print("  ", matrix[i][j], end = "")
			#  visit to next column
			self.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix)
		
	
	#  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	def print_matrix(self, matrix) :
		#  Get the size
		row = len(matrix)
		col = len(matrix[0])
		print(" Matrix Elements \n", end = "")
		self.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix)
		print("\n", end = "")
	

def main() :
	obj = MyMatrix()
	#  Define matrix of integer elements
	matrix = [
		[1, 9, 8, 3, 7] , 
      	[3, -1, 5, 3, 8] , 
      	[1, 3, 4, 6, 11] , 
      	[0, 8, 8, 6, 2] , 
      	[1, 3, 4, 5, 10] ,
      	[3, 5, 7, 2, 8]
	]
	obj.print_matrix(matrix)

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Output

 Matrix Elements
   1   9   8   3   7
   3   -1   5   3   8
   1   3   4   6   11
   0   8   8   6   2
   1   3   4   5   10
   3   5   7   2   8

#  Ruby program 
#  Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion

#  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix 
	#  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	def show_element(r, c, i, j, matrix) 
		if (i >= r) 
			#  When has been already executed all rows
			return
		elsif(j >= c) 
			#  Change row
			print("\n")
			#  visit to next row
			self.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix)
		else 
			#  print element
			print("  ", matrix[i][j])
			#  visit to next column
			self.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix)
		end

	end

	#  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	def print_matrix(matrix) 
		#  Get the size
		row = matrix.length
		col = matrix[0].length
		print(" Matrix Elements \n")
		self.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix)
		print("\n")
	end

end

def main() 
	obj = MyMatrix.new()
	#  Define matrix of integer elements
	matrix = [
		[1, 9, 8, 3, 7] , [3, -1, 5, 3, 8] , [1, 3, 4, 6, 11] , [0, 8, 8, 6, 2] , [1, 3, 4, 5, 10] , [3, 5, 7, 2, 8]
	]
	obj.print_matrix(matrix)
end

main()

Output

 Matrix Elements 
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8


/*
    Scala program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	def show_element(r: Int, c: Int, i: Int, j: Int, matrix: Array[Array[Int]]): Unit = {
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if (i >= r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else if (j >= c)
		{
			//  Change row
			print("\n");
			//  visit to next row
			this.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			print("  " + matrix(i)(j));
			//  visit to next column
			this.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	def print_matrix(matrix: Array[Array[Int]]): Unit = {
		//  Get the size
		var row: Int = matrix.length;
		var col: Int = matrix(0).length;
		print(" Matrix Elements \n");
		this.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		print("\n");
	}
}
object Main
{
	def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
		var obj: MyMatrix = new MyMatrix();
		//  Define matrix of integer elements
		var matrix: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(
          Array(1, 9, 8, 3, 7), 
          Array(3, -1, 5, 3, 8), 
          Array(1, 3, 4, 6, 11), 
          Array(0, 8, 8, 6, 2), 
          Array(1, 3, 4, 5, 10), 
          Array(3, 5, 7, 2, 8)
        );
		obj.print_matrix(matrix);
	}
}

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8

/*
    Swift 4 program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	func show_element(_ r: Int, _ c: Int, _ i: Int, _ j: Int, _ matrix: [
		[Int]
	])
	{
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if (i >= r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else if (j >= c)
		{
			//  Change row
			print("\n", terminator: "");
			//  visit to next row
			self.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			print("  ", matrix[i][j], terminator: "");
			//  visit to next column
			self.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	func print_matrix(_ matrix: [
		[Int]
	])
	{
		//  Get the size
		let row: Int = matrix.count;
		let col: Int = matrix[0].count;
		print(" Matrix Elements ");
		self.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		print(terminator: "\n");
	}
}
func main()
{
	let obj: MyMatrix = MyMatrix();
	//  Define matrix of integer elements
	let matrix: [[Int]] = [[1, 9, 8, 3, 7] , 
         [3, -1, 5, 3, 8] , 
         [1, 3, 4, 6, 11] , 
         [0, 8, 8, 6, 2] , 
         [1, 3, 4, 5, 10] , 
         [3, 5, 7, 2, 8]
	];
	obj.print_matrix(matrix);
}
main();

Output

 Matrix Elements
   1   9   8   3   7
   3   -1   5   3   8
   1   3   4   6   11
   0   8   8   6   2
   1   3   4   5   10
   3   5   7   2   8

/*
    Kotlin program 
    Traverse a given Matrix using Recursion
*/
//  Define TreeNode
class MyMatrix
{
	//  Recursively, display elements of given matrix
	fun show_element(r: Int, c: Int, i: Int, j: Int, matrix: Array<Array<Int>> ): Unit
	{
		//  When has been already executed all rows
		if (i >= r)
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		if (j >= c)
		{
			//  Change row
			print("\n");
			//  visit to next row
			this.show_element(r, c, i + 1, 0, matrix);
		}
		else
		{
			//  print element
			print("  " + matrix[i][j]);
			//  visit to next column
			this.show_element(r, c, i, j + 1, matrix);
		}
	}
	//  Handles the request of display matrix elements
	fun print_matrix(matrix: Array < Array < Int >> ): Unit
	{
		//  Get the size
		var row: Int = matrix.count();
		var col: Int = matrix[0].count();
		print(" Matrix Elements \n");
		this.show_element(row, col, 0, 0, matrix);
		print("\n");
	}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
	var obj: MyMatrix = MyMatrix();
	//  Define matrix of integer elements
	var matrix: Array<Array<Int>> = 
      arrayOf(
      arrayOf(1, 9, 8, 3, 7), 
      arrayOf(3, -1, 5, 3, 8), 
      arrayOf(1, 3, 4, 6, 11), 
      arrayOf(0, 8, 8, 6, 2), 
      arrayOf(1, 3, 4, 5, 10), 
      arrayOf(3, 5, 7, 2, 8)
    );
	obj.print_matrix(matrix);
}

Output

 Matrix Elements
  1  9  8  3  7
  3  -1  5  3  8
  1  3  4  6  11
  0  8  8  6  2
  1  3  4  5  10
  3  5  7  2  8
Last updated on by Kalkicode




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