Swift Switch Case

Switch case are used to check multiple test case of single value and pattern. Inside the body of switch define test condition. If condition is match by given expression then executed case block statements will work and terminate switch automatically.

Otherwise not match any of test cases then in this situation it will execute default block of statements. default statement are compulsory when no case statement are match by given pattern Otherwise not compulsory.

switch(pattern){
    
    case patternOne:
        //Statements
    case patternOne:
        //Statements
    default:
        //Statements
}

Pattern is based on an expression or values. We are know about that every value is related to data type. Switch expression are produce an data type. And inside switch case statement are working this similar data values. For example.

//Case 1 Work of Integer values
var dataOne = 2
switch(dataOne){ //pattern are produce an integer value

    //Case expression result in form of integers
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2:
        print("Two")
    default:
        //Default statement of this switch
        print("Default Statement")
}

//Case 2 Work of boolean values

var dataTwo = 5
switch(dataTwo>3){ //pattern are produce an boolean value
    
    case true:
        print("\(dataTwo) is greater than 3")
    case false:
        print("\(dataTwo) is less then 3")
    //Remove default statement  
}

Output

Two
5 is greater than 3

In this example are clear that the switch expression result type should be same as to inside case statement. Otherwise compiler produce an error. See this example.

let testData=true

switch(testData){
    
    case false:
        print("False case")
    case true:
        print("True case")
    case 1: //integer value
        print("One")        
}

Output

swift test.swift
test.swift:9:7: error: expression pattern of type 'Int' cannot match values of type 'Bool'
        case 1: //integer value
             ^

So try to avoid this type of situation. Let see one more example.

let speed=120

switch(speed){
    case 0:
        print("Not Running")
    case (1..<50):
        print("Slow speed")
    case (50...100):
        print("Average speed")
    case (101...180):
        print("High Speed")
    default:
        print("undefine")   
}

Output

High Speed

In this example range operator are produce an integer result. That is valid in swift programming.

Use tuples expression inside switch

let army=("Commando",12)

switch(army){
    
    case (_,0...5):
        print("Group A This Army contains maximum 5 commando")
    case ("Commando",5...10):
        print("Group B This Army contains commando in between 5-10 ")
    case (let soldier, let commando):
        print("Group C, This Army contains \(commando) \(soldier) ")
}

Output

Group C, This Army contains 12 Commando  

Case statement using where

let army=("commando",7)

switch(army){
    //Use where in case statement
    case  let (_,soldier) where soldier == 5 :
        print("Army A is ready to revenge \(soldier) Commando")

    case  let (soldier,_) where soldier == "commando" :
        print("Army B is ready to revenge ") 


    case  let (_,soldier) :
        print("Our army is ready to revenge of \(soldier) commando")
        
}   

Output

Army B is ready to revenge

Effective use of break statement

let plan = "Trial"
let game = ("level",7)
switch(game){
    
    case (_ ,(0...4)):

        print("This level are free, play Now")

    case (_ ,(5...10)):

        if(plan == "Trial"){

            print("Sorry You are not eligible to play this level")
            break //Use break here
        }
        //inclue other statement
        print("Welcome to this level")

    default :
        print("Default Statement")

}

Output

Sorry You are not eligible to play this level

Use break for an empty cases

let errorStatus = 0

switch(errorStatus){
    
    case 0:
        //Good code
        break
    case (0...100):
        print("Write a better code to resolve error")

    default:
        print("Undefined errors")   
}

fallthrough statement

let testCase = 50

switch(testCase){
    
    case (0...100):

        print("Enter test zone (0...100)")

        fallthrough //execuet next case

    case (100...200): 

        print("Enter test zone (100...200)")
        
    case (200...500): 
        print("Enter test zone (200...500)")
    default:
        print("Default Statement")

}

Output

Enter test zone (0...100)
Enter test zone (100...200)