Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
The problem at hand involves calculating the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers. Natural numbers are the positive integers starting from 1. The task is to find the sum of the squares of these natural numbers.
Problem Statement
Given a positive integer n, the objective is to calculate the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers.
Example
For n = 4, the first n natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, and 4. The squares of these numbers are 1, 4, 9, and 16. The sum of these squares is 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30.
Idea to Solve
To solve this problem, you can either directly calculate the sum using a loop or use a mathematical formula for the
sum of squares. The sum of squares of the first n natural numbers can be calculated using the formula:
sum = n * (n + 1) * (2n + 1) / 6.
Pseudocode
function squaresOfNaturalNo(n)
sum = n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1) / 6
print "Sum of square in", n, "natural numbers is", sumAlgorithm Explanation
- Calculate the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers using the formula
sum = n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1) / 6. - Print the result.
Code Solution
/*
C program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
#include <stdio.h>
void squaresOfNaturalNo(int n)
{
long long int sum = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
// Add square
sum += (i *i);
}
}
printf("\n Sum of square in %d natural number is %lld", n, sum);
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
return 0;
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204/*
Java program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
public class NaturalNumbers
{
public void squaresOfNaturalNo(int n)
{
long sum = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
}
}
System.out.print("\n Sum of square in " +
n + " natural number is " + sum);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
NaturalNumbers task = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204// Include header file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/*
C++ program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers
{
public: void squaresOfNaturalNo(int n)
{
long sum = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
// Add square
sum += (i *i);
}
}
cout << "\n Sum of square in " << n
<< " natural number is " << sum;
}
};
int main()
{
NaturalNumbers *task = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task->squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task->squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
return 0;
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204// Include namespace system
using System;
/*
Csharp program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
public class NaturalNumbers
{
public void squaresOfNaturalNo(int n)
{
long sum = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
}
}
Console.Write("\n Sum of square in " + n +
" natural number is " + sum);
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
NaturalNumbers task = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204package main
import "fmt"
/*
Go program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
func squaresOfNaturalNo(n int) {
var sum int64 = 0
if n > 0 {
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for i := 1 ; i <= n ; i++ {
// Add square
sum += int64(i * i)
}
}
fmt.Print("\n Sum of square in ", n,
" natural number is ", sum)
}
func main() {
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
squaresOfNaturalNo(5)
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
squaresOfNaturalNo(8)
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204<?php
/*
Php program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers
{
public function squaresOfNaturalNo($n)
{
$sum = 0;
if ($n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; ++$i)
{
// Add square
$sum += ($i * $i);
}
}
echo("\n Sum of square in ".$n.
" natural number is ".$sum);
}
}
function main()
{
$task = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
$task->squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
$task->squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
main();Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204/*
Node JS program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers
{
squaresOfNaturalNo(n)
{
var sum = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
for (var i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
}
}
process.stdout.write("\n Sum of square in " + n +
" natural number is " + sum);
}
}
function main()
{
var task = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
main();Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204# Python 3 program for
# Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
class NaturalNumbers :
def squaresOfNaturalNo(self, n) :
sum = 0
if (n > 0) :
i = 1
# Normal calculation
# Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
while (i <= n) :
# Add square
sum += (i * i)
i += 1
print("\n Sum of square in",
n ,"natural number is ",
sum, end = "")
def main() :
task = NaturalNumbers()
# Test A
# n = 5
# (1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5)
# Test B
# n = 8
# (1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
# (7)² + (8)² = 204
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8)
if __name__ == "__main__": main()Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204# Ruby program for
# Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
class NaturalNumbers
def squaresOfNaturalNo(n)
sum = 0
if (n > 0)
i = 1
# Normal calculation
# Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
while (i <= n)
# Add square
sum += (i * i)
i += 1
end
end
print("\n Sum of square in ",
n ," natural number is ", sum)
end
end
def main()
task = NaturalNumbers.new()
# Test A
# n = 5
# (1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5)
# Test B
# n = 8
# (1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
# (7)² + (8)² = 204
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8)
end
main()Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204/*
Scala program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers()
{
def squaresOfNaturalNo(n: Int): Unit = {
var sum: Long = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
var i: Int = 1;
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
while (i <= n)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
i += 1;
}
}
print("\n Sum of square in " + n +
" natural number is " + sum);
}
}
object Main
{
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
var task: NaturalNumbers = new NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204/*
Swift 4 program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers
{
func squaresOfNaturalNo(_ n: Int)
{
var sum: Int = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
var i: Int = 1;
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
while (i <= n)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
i += 1;
}
}
print("\n Sum of square in", n ,
"natural number is ", sum, terminator: "");
}
}
func main()
{
let task: NaturalNumbers = NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}
main();Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204/*
Kotlin program for
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
*/
class NaturalNumbers
{
fun squaresOfNaturalNo(n: Int): Unit
{
var sum: Long = 0;
if (n > 0)
{
var i: Int = 1;
// Normal calculation
// Execute loop 1 to n and calculate squared.
while (i <= n)
{
// Add square
sum += (i * i);
i += 1;
}
}
print("\n Sum of square in " + n +
" natural number is " + sum);
}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
val task: NaturalNumbers = NaturalNumbers();
/*
Test A
n = 5
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² = 55
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(5);
/*
Test B
n = 8
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² +
(7)² + (8)² = 204
*/
task.squaresOfNaturalNo(8);
}Output
Sum of square in 5 natural number is 55
Sum of square in 8 natural number is 204Time Complexity
The time complexity of this algorithm is O(n), as it involves a loop that iterates from 1 to n to calculate the sum. The space complexity is constant, as it uses a fixed number of variables regardless of the input size.
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