Spiral form of matrix
The Spiral Form of a matrix is a way of arranging the elements of a matrix in a spiral order, starting from the top-left corner and moving in a clockwise direction towards the center. This arrangement is useful in various applications such as image processing, pattern recognition, and data visualization.

Problem Statement
Given a matrix, the task is to print its elements in a spiral order, starting from the top-left corner and moving towards the center in a clockwise manner.
Example
Consider the following 6x6 matrix:
1 2 3 4 5 6
22 23 24 25 26 7
21 36 37 38 27 8
20 35 42 39 28 9
19 34 41 40 29 10
18 33 32 31 30 11
17 16 15 14 13 12
The spiral order of the matrix is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Idea to Solve the Problem
To solve this problem, we can iterate through the matrix in a spiral order by following these steps:
- Traverse the top row from left to right.
- Traverse the right column from top to bottom.
- Traverse the bottom row from right to left.
- Traverse the left column from bottom to top.
After completing one cycle, we repeat these steps for the inner submatrix until all elements have been visited.
Pseudocode
function spiral(matrix, startRow, startCol, endRow, endCol, element):
Traverse top row from startCol to endCol
Traverse right column from startRow + 1 to endRow
Traverse bottom row from endCol - 1 to startCol if startRow < endRow
Traverse left column from endRow - 1 to startRow + 1 if startCol < endCol
If startRow + 1 <= endRow - 1 and startCol < endCol - 1:
Recursive call with inner submatrix
Algorithm Explanation
-
The algorithm takes a matrix and boundaries (
startRow
,startCol
,endRow
,endCol
) as inputs. -
It traverses the top row from
startCol
toendCol
and prints each element. -
It traverses the right column from
startRow + 1
toendRow
and prints each element. -
It traverses the bottom row from
endCol - 1
tostartCol
ifstartRow
is less thanendRow
, and prints each element. -
It traverses the left column from
endRow - 1
tostartRow + 1
ifstartCol
is less thanendCol
, and prints each element. -
If there is an inner submatrix (when
startRow + 1 <= endRow - 1
andstartCol < endCol - 1
), the algorithm makes a recursive call to the same function with the inner submatrix as arguments.
Code Solution
-
1) Spiral traversal of matrix in java
2) Spiral traversal of matrix in c++
3) Spiral traversal of matrix in c
4) Spiral traversal of matrix in c#
5) Spiral traversal of matrix in golang
6) Spiral traversal of matrix in vb.net
7) Print matrix in spiral form python
8) Spiral traversal of matrix in php
9) Spiral traversal of matrix in node js
10) Spiral traversal of matrix in typescript
11) Spiral traversal of matrix in ruby
12) Spiral traversal of matrix in scala
13) Spiral traversal of matrix in swift
14) Print matrix in spiral of matrix in kotlin
Time Complexity
The time complexity of the spiral matrix traversal algorithm is O(m * n), where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns in the matrix. This is because each element of the matrix is visited exactly once.
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