Spiral form of matrix

Given a 2d matrix which containing S rows and C columns. Our goal is to print spiral view of this matrix in clockwise direction. Let see an example.

spiral view of matrix

Here given code implementation process.

/*
  C Program 
+ Spiral form of 2d array
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#define ROW 7
#define COL 6

void spiral(int data[ROW][COL],
  int s_row,
  int s_col,
  int e_row,
  int e_col,
  int element)
{
 
  //Left to right
  for (int i = s_col; i <=e_col && element > 0 ; ++i)
  {
    element--;
    printf(" %3d",data[s_row][i]);
  }
  //Top to down
  for (int i = s_row+1; i <=e_row && element > 0  ; ++i)
  {
    element--;
    printf(" %3d",data[i][e_col]);
  }
  //Bottom right to bottom-left
  for (int i = e_col-1; i >=s_col && element > 0 ; --i)
  {
    element--;
    printf(" %3d",data[e_row][i]);
  }

  //Bottom left to top
  for (int i =e_row-1 ; i > s_row && element > 0 ; --i)
  {
    element--;
    printf(" %3d",data[i][s_row]);
  }


  if(s_row+1 <= e_row-1 && element > 0)
  {
    //Recursive call
    spiral(data,s_row+1,s_col+1,e_row-1,e_col-1,element);
  }
    
}
int main(){

  int arr[ROW][COL]={
    {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
    {22,23,24,25,26,7},
    {21,36,37,38,27,8},
    {20,35,42,39,28,9},
    {19,34,41,40,29,10},
    {18,33,32,31,30,11},
    {17,16,15,14,13,12},
  };
  int element=COL*(ROW);

  spiral(arr,0,0,ROW-1,COL-1,element);

  return 0;
}

Output

   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42
//C++ Program 
//Spiral form of 2d array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define ROW 7
#define COL 6

class MyArray
{

public:

  void spiral ( int data[ROW][COL] , 
    int s_row , 
    int s_col , 
    int e_row , 
    int e_col , 
    int element)
  {

   //Left to right
    for  ( int i = s_col ;  i  <=  e_col  &&  element > 0  ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      cout<<"  "<< data[s_row][i] ; 
    }
    //Top to down
    for  ( int i = s_row+1 ;  i  <=  e_row  &&  element > 0 ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      cout<<"  "<< data[i][e_col] ; 
    }
     //Bottom right to bottom-left
    for  ( int i = e_col-1 ;  i >= s_col  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      cout<<"  "<< data[e_row][i] ; 
    }

    //Bottom left to top
    for  ( int i  = e_row-1  ;  i > s_row  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      cout<<"  "<< data[i][s_row] ; 
    }


    if ( s_row+1 <=  e_row-1  &&  element > 0)
    {
      //Recursive call
      spiral ( data , s_row+1 , s_col+1 , e_row-1 , e_col-1 , element) ; 
    }
    
  }
};

int main()
{

  MyArray obj;

  int arr[ROW][COL] = {
    {1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6} , 
    {22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 7} , 
    {21 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 27 , 8} , 
    {20 , 35 , 42 , 39 , 28 , 9} , 
    {19 , 34 , 41 , 40 , 29 , 10} , 
    {18 , 33 , 32 , 31 , 30 , 11} , 
    {17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12}  
  }; 
  int element = COL *  ROW ; 

  obj.spiral ( arr , 0 , 0 , ROW-1 , COL-1 , element) ; 

  return 0;
}

Output

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42
//Java program
//Spiral form of 2d array
public class MyArray
{

   public void  spiral ( int [][]data , 
    int s_row , 
    int s_col , 
    int e_row , 
    int e_col , 
    int element)
  {

   //Left to right
    for ( int i = s_col ;  i  <=  e_col  &&  element > 0  ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      System.out.print("  "+ data[s_row][i]); 
    }
    //Top to down
    for ( int i = s_row+1 ;  i  <=  e_row  &&  element > 0 ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      System.out.print("  "+ data[i][e_col]) ; 
    }
     //Bottom right to bottom-left
    for ( int i = e_col-1 ;  i >= s_col  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      System.out.print("  "+ data[e_row][i]) ; 
    }

    //Bottom left to top
    for ( int i  = e_row-1  ;  i > s_row  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      System.out.print("  "+ data[i][s_row] ); 
    }


    if ( s_row+1 <=  e_row-1  &&  element > 0)
    {
      //Recursive call
      spiral ( data , s_row+1 , s_col+1 , e_row-1 , e_col-1 , element) ; 
    }
    
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) 
  {
    MyArray obj = new MyArray();
    //array elements
    int [][]matrix ={
      {1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6} , 
      {22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 7} , 
      {21 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 27 , 8} , 
      {20 , 35 , 42 , 39 , 28 , 9} , 
      {19 , 34 , 41 , 40 , 29 , 10} , 
      {18 , 33 , 32 , 31 , 30 , 11} , 
      {17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12}  
    }; 
    int row =  matrix.length;
    int col =  matrix[0].length;
    //Get the size of array elements
    int element=row*col;
    obj.spiral ( matrix , 0 , 0 , row-1 , col-1 , element) ; 

   
  }
}

Output

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42
#Python Program 
#Spiral form of 2d array
class MyArray:
  
  def spiral (self,
    data , 
    s_row , 
    s_col , 
    e_row , 
    e_col , 
    element) :

    #Left to right
    i=s_col
    while(i  <=  e_col   and   element > 0 ) :

      element -= 1 
     
      print( data[s_row][i],end="  ") 
      i += 1 

    
    #Top to down

    i = s_row + 1

    while (i  <=  e_row   and   element > 0 ) :

      element -= 1   
     
      print(data[i][e_col],end="  ")
      i += 1 


    #Bottom right to bottom-left
    i = e_col-1
    while ( i >= s_col and element > 0   --i) :

      element -= 1
          
      print(data[e_row][i],end="  ") 
      i -= 1 

    #Bottom left to top
    i  = e_row-1
    while ( i > s_row  and element > 0   ) :

      element -= 1  
       
      print( data[i][s_row],end="  ") 
      i -= 1

    if ( s_row+1 <=  e_row-1 and element > 0) :

      #Recursive call
      self.spiral ( data , s_row+1 , s_col+1 , e_row-1 , e_col-1 , element)  


def main():

  obj = MyArray()
  matrix = [
      [1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6] , 
      [22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 7] , 
      [21 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 27 , 8] , 
      [20 , 35 , 42 , 39 , 28 , 9] , 
      [19 , 34 , 41 , 40 , 29 , 10] , 
      [18 , 33 , 32 , 31 , 30 , 11] , 
      [17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12]  
    ]
  row = len(matrix)
  col = len(matrix[0])  
  element = row * col

  obj.spiral ( matrix , 0 , 0 , row-1 , col-1 , element) 
 
if __name__ =="__main__":
  main()

Output

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  42
//C# program
//Spiral form of 2d array
using System;
public class MyArray
{

  public void  spiral ( int [,]data , 
    int s_row , 
    int s_col , 
    int e_row , 
    int e_col , 
    int element)
  {

    //Left to right
    for ( int i = s_col ;  i  <=  e_col  &&  element > 0  ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      Console.Write("  "+ data[s_row,i]); 
    }
    //Top to down
    for ( int i = s_row+1 ;  i  <=  e_row  &&  element > 0 ;  ++i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      Console.Write("  "+ data[i,e_col]) ; 
    }
    //Bottom right to bottom-left
    for ( int i = e_col-1 ;  i >= s_col  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      Console.Write("  "+ data[e_row,i]) ; 
    }

    //Bottom left to top
    for ( int i  = e_row-1  ;  i > s_row  &&  element > 0 ;  --i)
    {
      element-- ; 
      Console.Write("  "+ data[i,s_row] ); 
    }


    if ( s_row+1 <=  e_row-1  &&  element > 0)
    {
      //Recursive call
      spiral ( data , s_row+1 , s_col+1 , e_row-1 , e_col-1 , element) ; 
    }

  }
  public static void Main(String[] args) 
  {
    MyArray obj = new MyArray();
    //array elements
    int [,]matrix ={
      {1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6} , 
      {22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 7} , 
      {21 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 27 , 8} , 
      {20 , 35 , 42 , 39 , 28 , 9} , 
      {19 , 34 , 41 , 40 , 29 , 10} , 
      {18 , 33 , 32 , 31 , 30 , 11} , 
      {17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12}  
    }; 
    int row =  matrix.GetLength(0);
    int col =  matrix.GetLength(1);
    //Get the size of array elements
    int element=row*col;
    obj.spiral ( matrix , 0 , 0 , row-1 , col-1 , element) ; 


  }
}

Output

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42

<?php
//Php program 
//Spiral form of 2d array

class MyArray
{


  function  spiral($data, 
   $s_row, 
   $s_col, 
   $e_row, 
   $e_col, 
   $element)
  {

   //Left to right
    for  ($i= $s_col;  $i <=  $e_col &&  $element>0 ; ++ $i)
    {
      $element--; 
      echo "  ". $data[$s_row][$i]; 
    }


    //Top to down
    for  ($i= $s_row+1;  $i <=  $e_row &&  $element>0; ++ $i)
    {
      $element--; 
      echo "  ". $data[$i][$e_col]; 
    }

     //Bottom right to bottom-left
    for($i= $e_col-1;  $i>= $s_col &&  $element>0; --$i)
    {
      $element--; 
      echo "  ". $data[$e_row][$i]; 
    }



    //Bottom left to top
    for ($i = $e_row-1 ; $i> $s_row &&  $element>0; --$i)
    {
      $element--; 
      echo "  ". $data[$i][$s_row]; 
    }


    if ( $s_row+1<=  $e_row-1 &&  $element>0)
    {


      //Recursive call
      $this->spiral( $data, $s_row+1, $s_col+1, $e_row-1, $e_col-1, $element); 
    }

  }
}
function main()
{

  $obj= new MyArray();
  $matrix = array(
    array(1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6) , 
    array(22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 7) , 
    array(21 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 27 , 8) , 
    array(20 , 35 , 42 , 39 , 28 , 9) , 
    array(19 , 34 , 41 , 40 , 29 , 10) , 
    array(18 , 33 , 32 , 31 , 30 , 11) , 
    array(17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12)  
  ); 

  $row = count($matrix);
  $col =count($matrix[0]);
  $element=$row*$col;
  $obj->spiral ( $matrix , 0 , 0 , $row-1 , $col-1 , $element) ; 
}
main();
?>

Output

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42
# Ruby Program 
# Spiral form of 2d array
class MyArray 
  def spiral(data, s_row, s_col, e_row, e_col, element) 
    # Left to right
    i = s_col
    while (i <= e_col and element > 0) 
      element -= 1
      print(" ", data[s_row][i])
      i += 1
    end
    # Top to down
    i = s_row + 1
    while (i <= e_row and element > 0) 
      element -= 1
      print(" ", data[i][e_col])
      i += 1
    end
    # Bottom right to bottom-left
    i = e_col - 1
    while (i >= s_col and element > 0) 
      element -= 1
      print(" ", data[e_row][i])
      i -= 1
    end
    # Bottom left to top
    i = e_row - 1
    while (i > s_row and element > 0) 
      element -= 1
      print(" ", data[i][s_row])
      i -= 1
    end
    if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 and element > 0) 
      self.spiral(data, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, element)
    end
  end
end
def main() 
  obj = MyArray.new()
  matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
    [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 7],
    [21, 36, 37, 38, 27, 8],
    [20, 35, 42, 39, 28, 9],
    [19, 34, 41, 40, 29, 10],
    [18, 33, 32, 31, 30, 11],
    [17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12]
  ]
  row = matrix.length
  col = matrix[0].length
  element = row * col
  obj.spiral(matrix, 0, 0, row - 1, col - 1, element)
end
main()

Output

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
/*
 Swift 4 Program
 Spiral form of 2d array
*/



class MyArray {
  func spiral(_ data: [
    [Int]
  ], _ s_row: Int, _ s_col: Int, _ e_row: Int, _ e_col: Int, _ size: Int) {
    //Left to right
    var i: Int = s_col;
    var element : Int = size;
    while (i <= e_col && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" ", data[s_row][i],terminator:"");
      i += 1;
    }
    //Top to down
    i = s_row + 1;
    while (i <= e_row && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" ", data[i][e_col],terminator:"");
      i += 1;
    }
    //Bottom right to bottom-left
    i = e_col - 1;
    while (i >= s_col && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" ", data[e_row][i],terminator:"");
      i -= 1;
    }
    //Bottom left to top
    i = e_row - 1;
    while (i > s_row && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" ", data[i][s_row],terminator:"");
      i -= 1;
    }
    if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && element > 0) {
      self.spiral(data, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, element);
    }
  }
}
func main() {
  let obj: MyArray = MyArray();
  let matrix: [
    [Int]
  ] = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
    [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 7],
    [21, 36, 37, 38, 27, 8],
    [20, 35, 42, 39, 28, 9],
    [19, 34, 41, 40, 29, 10],
    [18, 33, 32, 31, 30, 11],
    [17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12]
  ];
  let row: Int = matrix.count;
  let col: Int = matrix[0].count;
  let element: Int = row * col;
  obj.spiral(matrix, 0, 0, row - 1, col - 1, element);
}
main();

Output

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
/*
 Node Js Program
 Spiral form of 2d array
*/


class MyArray {
  spiral(data, s_row, s_col, e_row, e_col, element) {
    //Left to right

    for (var i = s_col; i <= e_col && element > 0; ++i) {
      element--;
      process.stdout.write(" " + data[s_row][i]);
    }
    //Top to down

    for (var i = s_row + 1; i <= e_row && element > 0; ++i) {
      element--;
      process.stdout.write(" " + data[i][e_col]);
    }
    //Bottom right to bottom-left

    for (var i = e_col - 1; i >= s_col && element > 0; --i) {
      element--;
      process.stdout.write(" " + data[e_row][i]);
    }
    //Bottom left to top

    for (var i = e_row - 1; i > s_row && element > 0; --i) {
      element--;
      process.stdout.write(" " + data[i][s_row]);
    }
    if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && element > 0) {
      //Recursive call
      this.spiral(data, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, element);
    }
  }
}

function main() {
  var obj = new MyArray();
  //array elements
  var matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
    [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 7],
    [21, 36, 37, 38, 27, 8],
    [20, 35, 42, 39, 28, 9],
    [19, 34, 41, 40, 29, 10],
    [18, 33, 32, 31, 30, 11],
    [17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12]
  ];
  var row = matrix.length;
  var col = matrix[0].length;
  //Get the size of array elements
  var element = row *col;
  obj.spiral(matrix, 0, 0, row - 1, col - 1, element);
}

main();

Output

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
/*
 Scala Program
 Spiral form of 2d array
*/

class MyArray {
  def spiral(data: Array[Array[Int]], s_row: Int, s_col: Int, e_row: Int, e_col: Int, size: Int) {
    
    var i: Int = s_col;

    var element : Int = size;
    //Left to right
    while (i <= e_col && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" "+ data(s_row)(i));
      i += 1;
    }
    //Top to down
    i = s_row + 1;
    while (i <= e_row && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" "+data(i)(e_col));
      i += 1;
    }
    //Bottom right to bottom-left
    i = e_col - 1;
    while (i >= s_col && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" "+ data(e_row)(i));
      i -= 1;
    }
    //Bottom left to top
    i = e_row - 1;
    while (i > s_row && element > 0) {
      element -= 1;
      print(" "+ data(i)(s_row));
      i -= 1;
    }
    if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && element > 0) {
      this.spiral(data, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, element);
    }
  }
}
object Main {
  def main(args: Array[String])() {
    var obj: MyArray = new MyArray();
    var matrix: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Array(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 7), Array(21, 36, 37, 38, 27, 8), Array(20, 35, 42, 39, 28, 9), Array(19, 34, 41, 40, 29, 10), Array(18, 33, 32, 31, 30, 11), Array(17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12));
    var row: Int = matrix.length;
    var col: Int = matrix(0).length;
    var element: Int = row * col;
    obj.spiral(matrix, 0, 0, row - 1, col - 1, element);
  }
}

Output

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

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