Posted on by Kalkicode
Code Matrix

Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise

The given problem involves rotating the elements of a middle diamond shape within a square matrix in a clockwise direction. The matrix is assumed to have an odd number of rows and columns. The goal is to perform the rotation by a certain number of steps while maintaining the shape of the diamond intact.

Problem Statement

Given an odd square matrix, the task is to rotate the elements of the middle diamond shape within the matrix in a clockwise direction by a specified number of steps.

Example

Let's consider a 5x5 square matrix as shown below:

1   2   3   4   5
6  -7   8   2  10
2  12  13  15  16
17   2  19  20  21
22  23  24  25   2

After performing the rotation by 14 steps, the matrix will be transformed as follows:

   
        3
    -7  8  2
  2 12 13 15 16
     2 19 20
       24
       -7
     2 12  3
  2 19 13  8  2
    24 15 16
       20

Idea to Solve

The problem can be solved using a recursive approach. The middle diamond shape in the matrix can be rotated layer by layer, with each layer consisting of four sides. The rotation of each side is achieved by swapping elements while maintaining a temporary variable to store the replaced value.

Pseudocode

  1. Define a function rotate_element that takes the matrix and starting and ending indices of the current layer along with the number of steps to rotate.
  2. Calculate the middle column and row of the current layer.
  3. Perform rotations for each of the four sides of the layer using loops and swapping.
  4. Make a recursive call to rotate_element for the inner layer if applicable.
  5. Define a function rotate that validates the matrix and initiates the rotation process.
  6. Define a function show to print a row of the matrix.
  7. Define a function space to print spaces for formatting.
  8. Define a function diamond_view to display the diamond view of the matrix.
  9. In the main function, initialize the matrix, display the initial diamond view, perform the rotation, and display the final diamond view.

Algorithm

  1. Validate the matrix dimensions and oddness.
  2. Calculate the total number of elements to be rotated.
  3. Call rotate_element with appropriate parameters to perform the rotation.
  4. Display the rotated diamond view of the matrix.

Code Solution

/*
  C Program 
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#define ROW 5
#define COL 5

//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
void rotate_element(int matrix[ROW][COL],
  int s_row,
  int s_col,
  int e_row,
  int e_col,
  int k)
{

  //Calculate middle column in matrix
  int mid_col = s_col + ((e_col - s_col)/2);

  //Calculate middle row in matrix
  int mid_row = mid_col;

  int back=matrix[s_row][mid_col],current=0;

  for (int i = mid_col+1,j=1; i < e_col && k > 0 ; ++i,k--,j++)
  {
    current = matrix[s_row+j][i];
    matrix[s_row+j][i] = back ;
    back=current;
  }

  for (int i = e_col,j=0; i >= mid_col && k > 0 ; --i,k--,j++)
  {
    current  = matrix[(mid_row)+j][i];
    matrix[(mid_row)+j][i] = back ;
    back=current;
  }

  for (int i = mid_col-1,j=1; i >= s_col && k > 0 ; --i,k--,j++)
  {
    
    current = matrix[(e_col)-j][i];
    matrix[(e_col)-j][i] = back ;
    back=current;
  }
  
  for (int i = s_col+1,j=1; i <= mid_col && k > 0 ; ++i,k--,j++)
  {
   
    current = matrix[(mid_row)-j][i] ;
    matrix[(mid_row)-j][i]= back ;
    back=current;
  }

  if(s_row+1 <= e_row-1 && k > 0)
  {
    //Recursive call
    rotate_element(matrix, s_row+1, s_col+1, e_row-1, e_col-1, k);
  }
  
    
}
//Count number of diamond element
int element_size(int col)
{
  int counter=0;

  while(col>0)
  {
    counter+=col;
    col--;
  }
  return counter*4;

}
void rotate(int matrix[ROW][COL])
{
  if(ROW != COL || COL % 2 == 0)
  {
    printf("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
    return;
  }
  int size=element_size((COL)/2)+1;

  rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, ROW-1, COL-1, size);


}

void show(int arr[ROW][COL],int row,int col)
{
  for (int i = col; i < (COL)-col; ++i)
  {
    printf("%3d",arr[row][i] );
  }
}
void space(int size)
{
  for (int i = 0; i <= size; ++i)
  {
    printf(" ");
  }
}
void diamond_view(int arr[ROW][COL])
{
  if(ROW != COL || COL%2==0)
  {
    printf("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
    return;
  }

  int col = COL / 2;
  int counter = col*3;
  int distance = 3;
  for (int i = 0; i < ROW; ++i)
  {
    space(counter);
    show(arr,i,col);
    
    if(i < ROW/2)
    {
      counter -= distance;
      col--;
    }
    else
    { 
      col++;
      counter += distance;
    }

    printf("\n");
  }

}
int main(){

  //Define matrix element
  int matrix[ROW][COL] ={
    {1,  2,   3,  4,  5},
    {6,  -7,  8,  2,  10},
    {2, 12, 13, 15,  16},
    {17, 2, 19, 20,  21},
    {22, 23, 24, 25,  2}

  }; 
  diamond_view(matrix);
  rotate(matrix);
  diamond_view(matrix);


  return 0;
}

Output

         3
     -7  8  2
   2 12 13 15 16
      2 19 20
        24
        -7
      2 12  3
   2 19 13  8  2
     24 15 16
        20
/*
  C++ Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
#include<iostream>
#define ROW 5
#define COL 5
using namespace std;


class MyMatrix {
	public:
		int rows;
	int cols;
	MyMatrix() {
		//Get the size of matrix
		this->rows = ROW;
		this->cols = COL;
	}
	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	void rotate_element(int matrix[][COL], int s_row, int s_col, int e_row, int e_col, int k) {
		//Calculate middle column in matrix
		int mid_col = s_col + ((e_col - s_col) / 2);
		//Calculate middle row in matrix
		int mid_row = mid_col;
		int back = matrix[s_row][mid_col], current = 0;
		for (int i = mid_col + 1, j = 1; i < e_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[s_row + j][i];
			matrix[s_row + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = e_col, j = 0; i >= mid_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = mid_col - 1, j = 1; i >= s_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j][i];
			matrix[(e_col) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = s_col + 1, j = 1; i <= mid_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) {
			//Recursive call
			this->rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k);
		}
	}
	//Count number of diamond element
	int element_size(int col) {
		int counter = 0;
		while (col > 0) {
			counter += col;
			col--;
		}
		return counter *4;
	}
	void rotate(int matrix[][COL]) {
		if (this->rows != this->cols || this->cols % 2 == 0) {
			cout << "\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix";
			return;
		}
		int size = this->element_size((this->cols) / 2) + 1;
		this->rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, this->rows - 1, this->cols - 1, size);
	}
	void show(int matrix[][COL], int row, int col) {
		for (int i = col; i < (this->cols) - col; ++i) {
			cout << " " << matrix[row][i] << " ";
		}
	}
	void space(int size) {
		for (int i = 0; i <= size; ++i) {
			cout << " ";
		}
	}
	void diamond_view(int matrix[][COL]) {
		if (this->rows != this->cols || this->cols % 2 == 0) {
			cout << "\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix";
			return;
		}
		int col = this->cols / 2;
		int counter = col *3;
		int distance = 3;
		for (int i = 0; i < this->rows; ++i) {
			this->space(counter);
			this->show(matrix, i, col);
			if (i < this->rows / 2) {
				counter -= distance;
				col--;
			} else {
				col++;
				counter += distance;
			}
			cout << "\n";
		}
	}
};
int main() {
	int matrix[][COL] = {
		{
			1,
			2,
			3,
			4,
			5
		},
		{
			6,
			-7,
			8,
			2,
			10
		},
		{
			2,
			12,
			13,
			15,
			16
		},
		{
			17,
			2,
			19,
			20,
			21
		},
		{
			22,
			23,
			24,
			25,
			2
		}
	};
	MyMatrix obj ;
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	obj.rotate(matrix);
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	return 0;
}

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
/*
  Java Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
public class MyMatrix {

  public int rows;
  public int cols;
  public MyMatrix(int [][]matrix)
  {
    //Get the size of matrix
    this.rows = matrix.length;
    this.cols = matrix[0].length;
  }
  //Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
  public void rotate_element(int [][]matrix,
    int s_row,
    int s_col,
    int e_row,
    int e_col,
    int k)
  {

    //Calculate middle column in matrix
    int mid_col = s_col + ((e_col - s_col)/2);

    //Calculate middle row in matrix
    int mid_row = mid_col;

    int back=matrix[s_row][mid_col],current=0;

    for (int i = mid_col+1,j=1; i < e_col && k > 0 ; ++i,k--,j++)
    {
      current = matrix[s_row+j][i];
      matrix[s_row+j][i] = back ;
      back=current;
    }

    for (int i = e_col,j=0; i >= mid_col && k > 0 ; --i,k--,j++)
    {
      current  = matrix[(mid_row)+j][i];
      matrix[(mid_row)+j][i] = back ;
      back=current;
    }

    for (int i = mid_col-1,j=1; i >= s_col && k > 0 ; --i,k--,j++)
    {
      
      current = matrix[(e_col)-j][i];
      matrix[(e_col)-j][i] = back ;
      back=current;
    }
    
    for (int i = s_col+1,j=1; i <= mid_col && k > 0 ; ++i,k--,j++)
    {
     
      current = matrix[(mid_row)-j][i] ;
      matrix[(mid_row)-j][i]= back ;
      back=current;
    }

    if(s_row+1 <= e_row-1 && k > 0)
    {
      //Recursive call
      rotate_element(matrix, s_row+1, s_col+1, e_row-1, e_col-1, k);
    }
    
      
  }
  //Count number of diamond element
  public int element_size(int col)
  {
    int counter=0;

    while(col>0)
    {
      counter+=col;
      col--;
    }
    return counter*4;

  }
  public void rotate(int [][]matrix)
  {
    if(this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0)
    {
      System.out.print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
      return;
    }
    int size=element_size((this.cols)/2)+1;

    rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, this.rows-1, this.cols-1, size);


  }

  public void show(int [][]matrix,int row,int col)
  {
    for (int i = col; i < (this.cols)-col; ++i)
    {
      System.out.print(" "+matrix[row][i] +" ");
    }
  }
  public void space(int size)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i <= size; ++i)
    {
      System.out.print(" ");
    }
  }
  public void diamond_view(int [][]matrix)
  {
    if(this.rows != this.cols || this.cols%2==0)
    {
      System.out.print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
      return;
    }

    int col = this.cols / 2;
    int counter = col*3;
    int distance = 3;
    for (int i = 0; i < this.rows; ++i)
    {
      space(counter);
      show(matrix,i,col);
      
      if(i < this.rows/2)
      {
        counter -= distance;
        col--;
      }
      else
      { 
        col++;
        counter += distance;
      }

      System.out.print("\n");
    }

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) 
  {
    //Define matrix element
    int [][]matrix={
      {1,  2,   3,  4,  5},
      {6,  -7,  8,  2,  10},
      {2, 12, 13, 15,  16},
      {17, 2, 19, 20,  21},
      {22, 23, 24, 25,  2}

    }; 
    MyMatrix obj = new MyMatrix(matrix);
    obj.diamond_view(matrix);
    obj.rotate(matrix);
    obj.diamond_view(matrix);

  }
}

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
/*
  C# Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
using System;
public class MyMatrix {
	int rows;
	int cols;
	MyMatrix(int[,] matrix) {
		//Get the size of matrix
		this.rows = matrix.GetLength(0);
		this.cols = matrix.GetLength(1);
	}
	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	public void rotate_element(int[,] matrix, int s_row, int s_col, int e_row, int e_col, int k) {
		//Calculate middle column in matrix
		int mid_col = s_col + ((e_col - s_col) / 2);
		//Calculate middle row in matrix
		int mid_row = mid_col;
		int back = matrix[s_row,mid_col], current = 0;
		for (int i = mid_col + 1, j = 1; i < e_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[s_row + j,i];
			matrix[s_row + j,i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = e_col, j = 0; i >= mid_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j,i];
			matrix[(mid_row) + j,i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = mid_col - 1, j = 1; i >= s_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j,i];
			matrix[(e_col) - j,i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		for (int i = s_col + 1, j = 1; i <= mid_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j,i];
			matrix[(mid_row) - j,i] = back;
			back = current;
		}
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) {
			rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k);
		}
	}
	//Count number of diamond element
	public int element_size(int col) {
		int counter = 0;
		while (col > 0) {
			counter += col;
			col--;
		}
		return counter * 4;
	}
	public void rotate(int[,] matrix) {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			Console.Write("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		int size = element_size((this.cols) / 2) + 1;
		rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, this.rows - 1, this.cols - 1, size);
	}
	public void show(int[,] matrix, int row, int col) {
		for (int i = col; i < (this.cols) - col; ++i) {
			Console.Write(" " + matrix[row,i] + " ");
		}
	}
	public void space(int size) {
		for (int i = 0; i <= size; ++i) {
			Console.Write(" ");
		}
	}
	public void diamond_view(int[,] matrix) {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			Console.Write("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		int col = this.cols / 2;
		int counter = col * 3;
		int distance = 3;
		for (int i = 0; i < this.rows; ++i) {
			space(counter);
			show(matrix, i, col);
			if (i < this.rows / 2) {
				counter -= distance;
				col--;
			} else {
				col++;
				counter += distance;
			}
			Console.Write("\n");
		}
	}
	public static void Main(String[] args) {
		int[,]
		//Define matrix element
		matrix = {
			{
				1,
				2,
				3,
				4,
				5
			},
			{
				6,
				-7,
				8,
				2,
				10
			},
			{
				2,
				12,
				13,
				15,
				16
			},
			{
				17,
				2,
				19,
				20,
				21
			},
			{
				22,
				23,
				24,
				25,
				2
			}
		};
		MyMatrix obj = new MyMatrix(matrix);
		obj.diamond_view(matrix);
		obj.rotate(matrix);
		obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	}
}

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
<?php
/*
  Php Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
class MyMatrix {
	public $rows;
	public $cols;

	function __construct($matrix) {
		//Get the size of matrix
		$this->rows = count($matrix);
		$this->cols = count($matrix[0]);
	}
	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	public 	function rotate_element(&$matrix, $s_row, $s_col, $e_row, $e_col, $k) {
		//Calculate middle column in matrix
		$mid_col = $s_col + (intval(($e_col - $s_col) / 2));
		//Calculate middle row in matrix
		$mid_row = $mid_col;
		$back = $matrix[$s_row][$mid_col];
		$current = 0;
		for ($i = $mid_col + 1, $j = 1; $i < $e_col && $k > 0; ++$i, $k--, $j++) {
			$current = $matrix[$s_row + $j][$i];
			$matrix[$s_row + $j][$i] = $back;
			$back = $current;
		}
		for ($i = $e_col, $j = 0; $i >= $mid_col && $k > 0; --$i, $k--, $j++) {
			$current = $matrix[($mid_row) + $j][$i];
			$matrix[($mid_row) + $j][$i] = $back;
			$back = $current;
		}
		for ($i = $mid_col - 1, $j = 1; $i >= $s_col && $k > 0; --$i, $k--, $j++) {
			$current = $matrix[($e_col) - $j][$i];
			$matrix[($e_col) - $j][$i] = $back;
			$back = $current;
		}
		for ($i = $s_col + 1, $j = 1; $i <= $mid_col && $k > 0; ++$i, $k--, $j++) {
			$current = $matrix[($mid_row) - $j][$i];
			$matrix[($mid_row) - $j][$i] = $back;
			$back = $current;
		}
		if ($s_row + 1 <= $e_row - 1 && $k > 0) {
			//Recursive call
			$this->rotate_element($matrix, $s_row + 1, $s_col + 1, $e_row - 1, $e_col - 1, $k);
		}
	}
	//Count number of diamond element

	public 	function element_size($col) {
		$counter = 0;
		while ($col > 0) {
			$counter += $col;
			$col--;
		}
		return $counter *4;
	}
	public 	function rotate(&$matrix) {
		if ($this->rows != $this->cols || $this->cols % 2 == 0) {
			echo("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		$size = $this->element_size(intval(($this->cols) / 2)) + 1;
		$this->rotate_element($matrix, 0, 0, $this->rows - 1, $this->cols - 1, $size);
	}
	public 	function show($matrix, $row, $col) {
		for ($i = $col; $i < ($this->cols) - $col; ++$i) {
			echo(" ". $matrix[$row][$i] ." ");
		}
	}
	public 	function space($size) {
		for ($i = 0; $i <= $size; ++$i) {
			echo(" ");
		}
	}
	public 	function diamond_view($matrix) {
		if ($this->rows != $this->cols || $this->cols % 2 == 0) {
			echo("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		$col = intval($this->cols / 2);
		$counter = $col *3;
		$distance = 3;
		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->rows; ++$i) {
			$this->space($counter);
			$this->show($matrix, $i, $col);
			if ($i < intval($this->rows / 2)) {
				$counter -= $distance;
				$col--;
			} else {
				$col++;
				$counter += $distance;
			}
			echo("\n");
		}
	}
}

function main() {
	//Define matrix element
	$matrix = array(
      array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), 
      array(6, -7, 8, 2, 10), 
      array(2, 12, 13, 15, 16), 
      array(17, 2, 19, 20, 21), 
      array(22, 23, 24, 25, 2)
    );
	$obj = new MyMatrix($matrix);
	$obj->diamond_view($matrix);
	$obj->rotate($matrix);
	$obj->diamond_view($matrix);

}
main();

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
/*
  Node Js Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
class MyMatrix {
	;;
	constructor(matrix) {
		//Get the size of matrix
		this.rows = matrix.length;
		this.cols = matrix[0].length;
	}

	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	rotate_element(matrix, s_row, s_col, e_row, e_col, k) {
		//Calculate middle column in matrix
		var mid_col = s_col + (parseInt((e_col - s_col) / 2));
		//Calculate middle row in matrix
		var mid_row = mid_col;
		var back = matrix[s_row][mid_col];
		var current = 0;
		for (var i = mid_col + 1, j = 1; i < e_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[s_row + j][i];
			matrix[s_row + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}

		for (var i = e_col,j = 0; i >= mid_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}

		for (var i = mid_col - 1, j = 1; i >= s_col && k > 0; --i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j][i];
			matrix[(e_col) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}

		for (var i = s_col + 1, j = 1; i <= mid_col && k > 0; ++i, k--, j++) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
		}

		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) {
			//Recursive call
			this.rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k);
		}
	}

	//Count number of diamond element
	element_size(col) {
		var counter = 0;
		while (col > 0) {
			counter += col;
			col--;
		}

		return counter *4;
	}
	rotate(matrix) {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			process.stdout.write("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		var size = this.element_size(parseInt((this.cols) / 2)) + 1;
		this.rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, this.rows - 1, this.cols - 1, size);
	}
	show(matrix, row, col) {
		for (var i = col; i < (this.cols) - col; ++i) {
			process.stdout.write(" " + matrix[row][i] + " ");
		}
	}
	space(size) {
		for (var i = 0; i <= size; ++i) {
			process.stdout.write(" ");
		}
	}
	diamond_view(matrix) {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			process.stdout.write("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");
			return;
		}
		var col = parseInt(this.cols / 2);
		var counter = col *3;
		var distance = 3;
		for (var i = 0; i < this.rows; ++i) {
			this.space(counter);
			this.show(matrix, i, col);
			if (i < parseInt(this.rows / 2)) {
				counter -= distance;
				col--;
			} else {
				col++;
				counter += distance;
			}

			process.stdout.write("\n");
		}
	}
}

function main(args) {
	//Define matrix element
	var matrix = [
		[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
		[6, -7, 8, 2, 10],
		[2, 12, 13, 15, 16],
		[17, 2, 19, 20, 21],
		[22, 23, 24, 25, 2]
	];
	var obj = new MyMatrix(matrix);
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	obj.rotate(matrix);
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
}

main();

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
#  Python 3 Program
#  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
class MyMatrix :
	
	def __init__(self, matrix) :
		# Get the size of matrix
		self.rows = len(matrix)
		self.cols = len(matrix[0])
	
	# Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	def rotate_element(self, matrix, s_row, s_col, e_row, e_col, k) :
		mid_col = s_col + (int((e_col - s_col) / 2))
		mid_row = mid_col
		back = matrix[s_row][mid_col]
		current = 0
		i = mid_col + 1
		j = 1
		while (i < e_col and k > 0) :
			current = matrix[s_row + j][i]
			matrix[s_row + j][i] = back
			back = current
			i += 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		
		i = e_col
		j = 0
		while (i >= mid_col and k > 0) :
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j][i]
			matrix[(mid_row) + j][i] = back
			back = current
			i -= 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		
		i = mid_col - 1
		j = 1
		while (i >= s_col and k > 0) :
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j][i]
			matrix[(e_col) - j][i] = back
			back = current
			i -= 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		
		i = s_col + 1
		j = 1
		while (i <= mid_col and k > 0) :
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j][i]
			matrix[(mid_row) - j][i] = back
			back = current
			i += 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 and k > 0) :
			self.rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k)
		
	
	# Count number of diamond element
	def element_size(self, col) :
		counter = 0
		while (col > 0) :
			counter += col
			col -= 1
		
		return counter * 4
	
	def rotate(self, matrix) :
		if (self.rows != self.cols or self.cols % 2 == 0) :
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix", end = "")
			return
		
		size = self.element_size(int((self.cols) / 2)) + 1
		self.rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, self.rows - 1, self.cols - 1, size)
	
	def show(self, matrix, row, col) :
		i = col
		while (i < (self.cols) - col) :
			print(matrix[row][i] ,end = "  ")
			i += 1
		
	
	def space(self, size) :
		i = 0
		while (i <= size) :
			print(" ", end = "")
			i += 1
		
	
	def diamond_view(self, matrix) :
		if (self.rows != self.cols or self.cols % 2 == 0) :
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix", end = "")
			return
		
		col = int(self.cols / 2)
		counter = col * 3
		distance = 3
		i = 0
		while (i < self.rows) :
			self.space(counter)
			self.show(matrix, i, col)
			if (i < int(self.rows / 2)) :
				counter -= distance
				col -= 1
			else :
				col += 1
				counter += distance
			
			print("\n", end = "")
			i += 1
		
	

def main() :
	matrix = [
		[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
		[6, -7, 8, 2, 10],
		[2, 12, 13, 15, 16],
		[17, 2, 19, 20, 21],
		[22, 23, 24, 25, 2]
	]
	obj = MyMatrix(matrix)
	obj.diamond_view(matrix)
	obj.rotate(matrix)
	obj.diamond_view(matrix)


if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()

Output

       3
    -7  8  2
 2  12  13  15  16
    2  19  20
       24
       -7
    2  12  3
 2  19  13  8  2
    24  15  16
       20
# Ruby Program
# Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
class MyMatrix 
	# Define the accessor and reader of class MyMatrix
    attr_reader :rows, :cols
    attr_accessor :rows, :cols
	def initialize(matrix) 
		# Get the size of matrix
		self.rows = matrix.length
		self.cols = matrix[0].length
	end
	# Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	def rotate_element(matrix, s_row, s_col, e_row, e_col, k) 
		mid_col = s_col + ((e_col - s_col) / 2)
		mid_row = mid_col
		back = matrix[s_row][mid_col]
		current = 0
		i = mid_col + 1
		j = 1
		while (i < e_col && k > 0) 
			current = matrix[s_row + j][i]
			matrix[s_row + j][i] = back
			back = current
			i += 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		end
		i = e_col
		j = 0
		while (i >= mid_col && k > 0) 
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j][i]
			matrix[(mid_row) + j][i] = back
			back = current
			i -= 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		end
		i = mid_col - 1
		j = 1
		while (i >= s_col && k > 0) 
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j][i]
			matrix[(e_col) - j][i] = back
			back = current
			i -= 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		end
		i = s_col + 1
		j = 1
		while (i <= mid_col && k > 0) 
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j][i]
			matrix[(mid_row) - j][i] = back
			back = current
			i += 1
			k -= 1
			j += 1
		end
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) 
			self.rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k)
		end
	end
	# Count number of diamond element
	def element_size(col) 
		counter = 0
		while (col > 0) 
			counter += col
			col -= 1
		end
		return counter * 4
	end
	def rotate(matrix) 
		if (self.rows != self.cols || self.cols % 2 == 0) 
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix")
			return
		end
		size = self.element_size((self.cols) / 2) + 1
		self.rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, self.rows - 1, self.cols - 1, size)
	end
	def show(matrix, row, col) 
		i = col
		while (i < (self.cols) - col) 
			print(" ", matrix[row][i] ," ")
			i += 1
		end
	end
	def space(size) 
		i = 0
		while (i <= size) 
			print(" ")
			i += 1
		end
	end
	def diamond_view(matrix) 
		if (self.rows != self.cols || self.cols % 2 == 0) 
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix")
			return
		end
		col = self.cols / 2
		counter = col * 3
		distance = 3
		i = 0
		while (i < self.rows) 
			self.space(counter)
			self.show(matrix, i, col)
			if (i < self.rows / 2) 
				counter -= distance
				col -= 1
			else 
				col += 1
				counter += distance
			end
			print("\n")
			i += 1
		end
	end
end
def main() 
	matrix = [
		[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
		[6, -7, 8, 2, 10],
		[2, 12, 13, 15, 16],
		[17, 2, 19, 20, 21],
		[22, 23, 24, 25, 2]
	]
	obj = MyMatrix.new(matrix)
	obj.diamond_view(matrix)
	obj.rotate(matrix)
	obj.diamond_view(matrix)
end


main()

Output

        3 
     -7  8  2 
  2  12  13  15  16 
     2  19  20 
        24 
        -7 
     2  12  3 
  2  19  13  8  2 
     24  15  16 
        20 

/*
  Scala Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
class MyMatrix (var rows: Int,
		var cols: Int){
	def this(matrix: Array[Array[Int]]) {
		//Get the size of matrix
		this( matrix.length, matrix(0).length);
	}
	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	def rotate_element(matrix: Array[Array[Int]], s_row: Int, s_col: Int, e_row: Int, e_col: Int, k_size: Int): Unit = {
      	var k: Int = k_size;
		val mid_col: Int = s_col + (((e_col - s_col) / 2).toInt);
		val mid_row: Int = mid_col;
		var back: Int = matrix(s_row)(mid_col);
		var current: Int = 0;
		var i: Int = mid_col + 1;
		var j: Int = 1;
		while (i < e_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix(s_row + j)(i);
			matrix(s_row + j)(i) = back;
			back = current;
			i += 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = e_col;
		j = 0;
		while (i >= mid_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix((mid_row) + j)(i);
			matrix((mid_row) + j)(i) = back;
			back = current;
			i -= 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = mid_col - 1;
		j = 1;
		while (i >= s_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix((e_col) - j)(i);
			matrix((e_col) - j)(i) = back;
			back = current;
			i -= 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = s_col + 1;
		j = 1;
		while (i <= mid_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix((mid_row) - j)(i);
			matrix((mid_row) - j)(i) = back;
			back = current;
			i += 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) {
			this.rotate_element(matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k);
		}
	}
	//Count number of diamond element
	def element_size(col: Int): Int = {
		var counter: Int = 0;
      	var i : Int = col;
		while (i > 0) {
			counter += col;
			i -= 1;
		}
		return counter * 4;
	}
	def rotate(matrix: Array[Array[Int]]): Unit = {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");

			return;
		}
		val size: Int = this.element_size(((this.cols) / 2).toInt) + 1;
		this.rotate_element(matrix, 0, 0, this.rows - 1, this.cols - 1, size);
	}
	def show(matrix: Array[Array[Int]], row: Int, col: Int): Unit = {
		var i: Int = col;
		while (i < (this.cols) - col) {
			print(" " + matrix(row)(i) + " ");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
	def space(size: Int): Unit = {
		var i: Int = 0;
		while (i <= size) {
			print(" ");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
	def diamond_view(matrix: Array[Array[Int]]): Unit = {
		if (this.rows != this.cols || this.cols % 2 == 0) {
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix");

			return;
		}
		var col: Int = (this.cols / 2).toInt;
		var counter: Int = col * 3;
		val distance: Int = 3;
		var i: Int = 0;
		while (i < this.rows) {
			this.space(counter);
			this.show(matrix, i, col);

			if (i < (this.rows / 2).toInt) {
				counter -= distance;
				col -= 1;
			} else {
				col += 1;
				counter += distance;
			}
			print("\n");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
}
object Main {
	def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
		val matrix: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(
			Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
			Array(6, -7, 8, 2, 10),
			Array(2, 12, 13, 15, 16),
			Array(17, 2, 19, 20, 21),
			Array(22, 23, 24, 25, 2));
		val obj: MyMatrix = new MyMatrix(matrix);
		obj.diamond_view(matrix);
		obj.rotate(matrix);
		obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	}
}

Output

        3
     -7  8  2
  2  12  13  15  16
     2  19  20
        24
        -7
     2  12  3
  2  19  13  8  2
     24  15  16
        20
/*
  Swift Program
  Rotate middle diamond element in matrix by clockwise
*/
class MyMatrix {
	var rows : Int;
	var cols : Int;
	init(_ matrix: [
		[Int]
	]) {
		//Get the size of matrix
		self.rows = matrix.count;
		self.cols = matrix[0].count;
	}
	//Rotate diamond element in square matrix clockwise
	func rotate_element(_ matrix: inout [
		[Int]
	], _ s_row: Int, _ s_col: Int, _ e_row: Int, _ e_col: Int, _ k_size: Int) {
      	var k : Int = k_size;
		let mid_col: Int = s_col + ((e_col - s_col) / 2);
		let mid_row: Int = mid_col;
		var back: Int = matrix[s_row][mid_col];
		var current: Int = 0;
		var i: Int = mid_col + 1;
		var j: Int = 1;
		while (i < e_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix[s_row + j][i];
			matrix[s_row + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
			i += 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = e_col;
		j = 0;
		while (i >= mid_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) + j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) + j][i] = back;
			back = current;
			i -= 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = mid_col - 1;
		j = 1;
		while (i >= s_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix[(e_col) - j][i];
			matrix[(e_col) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
			i -= 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		i = s_col + 1;
		j = 1;
		while (i <= mid_col && k > 0) {
			current = matrix[(mid_row) - j][i];
			matrix[(mid_row) - j][i] = back;
			back = current;
			i += 1;
			k -= 1;
			j += 1;
		}
		if (s_row + 1 <= e_row - 1 && k > 0) {
			self.rotate_element(&matrix, s_row + 1, s_col + 1, e_row - 1, e_col - 1, k);
		}
	}
	//Count number of diamond element
	func element_size(_ size: Int) -> Int {
		var counter: Int = 0;
      	var col : Int = size;
		while (col > 0) {
			counter += col;
			col -= 1;
		}
		return counter * 4;
	}
	func rotate(_ matrix: inout [
		[Int]
	]) {
		if (self.rows != self.cols || self.cols % 2 == 0) {
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix", terminator: "");
			return;
		}
		let size: Int = self.element_size((self.cols) / 2) + 1;
		self.rotate_element(&matrix, 0, 0, self.rows - 1, self.cols - 1, size);
	}
	func show(_ matrix: [
		[Int]
	], _ row: Int, _ col: Int) {
		var i: Int = col;
		while (i < (self.cols) - col) {
			print(matrix[row][i] ,terminator: "  ");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
	func space(_ size: Int) {
		var i: Int = 0;
		while (i <= size) {
			print(terminator: " ");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
	func diamond_view(_ matrix: [
		[Int]
	]) {
		if (self.rows != self.cols || self.cols % 2 == 0) {
			print("\nNot a valid perfect Odd square matrix", terminator: "");
			return;
		}
		var col: Int = self.cols / 2;
		var counter: Int = col * 3;
		let distance: Int = 3;
		var i: Int = 0;
		while (i < self.rows) {
			self.space(counter);
			self.show(matrix, i, col);
			if (i < self.rows / 2) {
				counter -= distance;
				col -= 1;
			} else {
				col += 1;
				counter += distance;
			}
			print("\n", terminator: "");
			i += 1;
		}
	}
}
func main() {
	var matrix: [
		[Int]
	] = [
		[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
		[6, -7, 8, 2, 10],
		[2, 12, 13, 15, 16],
		[17, 2, 19, 20, 21],
		[22, 23, 24, 25, 2]
	];
	let obj: MyMatrix = MyMatrix(matrix);
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
	obj.rotate(&matrix);
	obj.diamond_view(matrix);
}
main();

Output

       3
    -7  8  2
 2  12  13  15  16
    2  19  20
       24
       -7
    2  12  3
 2  19  13  8  2
    24  15  16
       20

Time Complexity

The time complexity of the rotation algorithm is mainly determined by the number of elements in the diamond shape that need to be rotated, which is proportional to the number of layers. In the worst case, the algorithm will have a time complexity of O(N), where N is the total number of elements in the matrix. The diamond view display and other operations also have linear time complexity.

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