Python Keywords

Keyword is reserved word in python program. This are used to special meaning and purpose. Normally this are used to define statement and data type and perform special operation. In this post we are learning about that the how to use Python keyword in our program.

Let first check how many number of keywords are provided by Python version 2.7 and 3.5. We can display all available keyword using of this program.

import keyword
#display keywords
print(keyword.kwlist)

Python 2.7.12 keywords

['and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

Python 3.5.2 keywords

['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

False	True	and	as
assert	break	class	continue
def	del	elif	else
elif	else	except	exec
finally	for	from	global
if	import	in	is
lambda	not	elif	else
or	pass	print	raise
return	try	while	with
yield	None

True False keywords

True and False is boolean data type.

#check data type
print(type(True))
print(type(False))

#operation results

result=True
print(result) #True

result=False
print(result) #Talse

result=True+True+True
print(result) #3

result=True != False
print(result) #True

result=True+False
print(result) #1

When we are perform some arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction, divisions etc. Then boolean data type are internal used integer value (0=False,1=True). And comparison operator are produced boolean values.

Output

<class 'bool'>
<class 'bool'>
True
False
3
True
1

and keywords

and keyword are used to comparing of two expression and values. This is alternate of '&'.

# Example of and keyword

# And operator working 
# True and True --> True
# 1    and  1   --> 1
# False and  False --> False
# 0    and  0   --> 1


# binary of 1 = 0 0 0 1
# binary of 1 = 0 0 0 1
#--------------------------
#          and=       1 = 1
result=1 and 1
print(result) #1

# binary of 1 = 0 0 0 1
# binary of 0 = 0 0 0 0
#--------------------------
#          and= 0 0 0 0 =0
result=1 and 0 
print(result) #0

result=(1 != 0) and (1==1) #check given expression
print(result) #True

#Multiple and
result=1 and 1 and 1 
print(result) #1

result= True and True
print(result) #True

result= False and False
print(result) #False

Output

1
0
True
1
True
False

as keyword

This keyword can used to provide a new name of import modules. for example

import keyword as special
#display keywords
print(special.iskeyword('as'))

Output

True

assert keyword

Assertions is an statement or state that are work on boolean expression. if condition is true then it will execute next line. If other case if condition is false then it will stop execution of program and throw an error. This error is user defined. For example.

def test(number):
    # if condition is false then throw error
    assert(number>0),"oops number is zero"
    print(number)

#test cases
test(1)
test(2)
test(5)
test(-1)

Output

1
2
5
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 10, in <module>
    test(-1)
  File "test.py", line 3, in test
    assert(number>0),"oops number is zero"
AssertionError: oops number is zero

if elif and else statement keywords

This is specially used to check condition statements. That are check an expression, If that is true then executed all statement of specified block.

if statement are work on given expression is not False and zero. For example.

if(1):
  print("one")

if(True):
  print("True")

if(-5):
  print(" -5")

if(0):
  print("zero") #not execute

if(5>4 and 5<6):
  print("Valid condition")  

if(False):
  print("False value") #not execute

Output

one
True
 -5
Valid condition

elif are used to check multiple condition. if statement expression are not valid then elif (else if) statement will be checking of expression. for example.

number=10

#check given number is equal to 1
if(number==1):
    #statements
    print("number is one")

#check given number is less then 3
elif(number<3):
    #Block statements
    print("number is less than 3")

#check number between (2 to 5)
elif(number>=2 and number<=5):
    #Block statements
    print("number between (2 to 5)")

elif(number==10):
    #Block statements
    print("number is ten")

elif(number==100):
    #Block statements
    print("number is hundred")
else :
    print("Invalid number")

Output

number is ten

and else statement are work. when if and related elif condition are not satisfied. for example.

#else statement example

#test case 1
number=5
if(number==0):
    print("Zero")
elif(number==1):
    print("One")
else :
    print("Number is not zero and one")

#test case 2
if(number<0):
    print("negative number",number)
else:
    print("positive number",number)

Output

Number is not zero and one
('positive number', 5)

for keyword

for is an looping keyword that are used to iterate statement in specified condition.

#Example of for keyword

#Case 1: working on constant list
for i in [1,2,True,False,"Ok"]:
    print(i)#display value of list

#Case 2: execute loop between constant value
for i in range(6,10):
    print(i)

#case 3 key value pair
     
record={"os Name":"linux",
        "os Type":"64 bit",
        "Memory":"7.7 GB"}

for key,value in record.items():
    print key," :",value 


#Case 4 key value pair with constant
for key,value in [('1', 'python'), ('2', 'cpp')]:
    print key," :",value 

Output

Number is not zero and one
('positive number', 5)

while keyword

'while' is looping keyword, that are iterate inside block of code when given expression result is valid.

i=0
#case 1: simple case
while i<5:
    print(i) #display i value
    i+=1

i=10

#case 2: while and else case
while i<15:
    print(i) #display i value
    i+=1
else:
    print("Else code")

Output

0
1
2
3
4
10
11
12
13
14
Else code

break continue keyword

break and continue statement are used within the loop. break statement are stop current loop execution. sometime special case we are need to terminate loop before the given terminating condition. so break are useful to stop execute of loop. for example.

#break statement example
#case 1: using of within for loop
for i in range(1,1000):
    if(i==5):
        #break statement
        break
    else:
        print(i)
    i=i+1   

i=1000

#case 1: using of within while loop
while i<2000:
    print(i);
    if i==1004: #condition to break loop
        break; #break statement
    i=i+1

Output

1
2
3
4
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004

continue statement are used to change execution follow of loop. This statement are used in inside a loop in specified condition. When continue statement are executed they are not execute next remaining statement of loop body. and control are move back to beginning of the loop. note that this statement are used only inside a loop. this will used on (for ,while) loops. for example.

#continue statement example
#case 1: using of within for loop
for i in range(0,5):
    i=i+1
    if(i==2 or i==4):
        #continue statement
        continue
    else:
        print(i)
    

i=50
#case 1: using of within while loop
while i<60:
    i=i+1
    if i>=54 and i<=57:
        continue; #continue statement
    else:
        print(i);

Output

1
3
5
51
52
53
58
59
60

in keyword

This is an operator that are check a value of given sequence are exist or not. if exist then returning the value of true otherwise it will returning the value of false.

result = 1 in [1,2,3,4,5]
print(result) #True

result = 28 in {1,2,6}
print(result) #False

result = 1 in {1,2}
print(result) #True

for i in range(1,5):
    print(i)

Output

True
False
True
1
2
3
4

is keyword

is are used to compare similar type of variables or object. if both are same type then it will return True otherwise False.

#Example to use is keyword
print(type(1) is int)
print(type(1.3) is float)
print(type(1.4) is int)

value=12
if(type(value) is int):
    print("Integer value")
elif(type(value) is float):
    print("Float value")
else:
    print("value is",type(value))

Output

True
True
False
Integer value

not keyword in python

"not" keyword is used to negation of boolean result.

#Example to use not keyword
print(not True)
print(not False)
print(type(1) is not int)
print(type(1.3) is not float)
print(type(1.4) is not int)
print(11 not in [1,2,3])

Output

False
True
False
False
True
True

def keyword

this are used to define a function.

#Example of def keyword in python
def test():
    #function statements
    print("Test Function")

def config(num):
    #function statements
    print("config function :",num)

test()
config(1)

Output

Test Function
('config function :', 1)

del keyword

del keyword are used to delete object.

#Example of del keyword in python

data=10 #assign 10 to data object
print(data) #display value
del data #free object
print(data) #error this is undefined

Output

10
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
    print(data)
NameError: name 'data' is not defined

try except finally keyword in python

try block are used to define statement and expression that are produced an runtime error(exception). if try block are found any error then relevant except block are executed. finally block always work when it is exception are occurred or not. for example

def divide(dividend,divisor):
  try:
    print dividend/divisor
  except ZeroDivisionError:
    print "Opp's can't divide by zero."
  finally:
    print "Done execution"
#test case
divide(10,4)
divide(10,0)
divide(15,3)

Output

2
Done execution
Opp's can't divide by zero.
Done execution
5
Done execution

exec keyword in python

code="print(1+2)"

exec(code) #execute string code

Output

3

from keyword in python

from math import *
print(dir())

Output

['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']

global

data=10
#case 1 : without global
def display1():
    data=12
    print(data)
display1()
print(data)

#case 1 : with global
def display2():
    global data
    data=12
    print(data)
    
display2()
print(data)

Output

12
10
12
12

import

import keyword are used to importing a module or file in our program. for example.

import keyword

print(keyword.iskeyword("in"))
print(keyword.iskeyword("out"))

Output

True
False

lambda

anonymous function

increment = lambda x : x + 1
print(increment(5))

Output

6

print keyword

print keyword are used to print result for console.

#example of print
print(1)
print "Welcome"
print("1","2","3")
print "name:","python"

Output

1
Welcome
('1', '2', '3')
name: python

from keyword

from keyword are used to include specific function, class of module.

#example of from keyword
#import factorial function from math modules
from math import factorial 
print(factorial(3)) #use function

Output

6

return keyword

return is a statement is control execution of function, that are return back to caller statement. that is used in within the function. and that are capable to send one value.

#case 1: not return any value
def simple():
    print("Simple function")
    #return statement
    return #control back 
    #this statement not execute
    print("This is statement of simple function")

#case 2: return a list
def advance():
    print("advance function")
    return [1,2,3]

print simple() #display None
print advance() #display return value

Output

Simple function
None
advance function
[1, 2, 3]

or keyword

if(1 or 1):
    print("one")

"""
x or y
if x and y similar the result=x or y

otherwise check if x (left side) not false and zero
then result will be = x

otherwise check y (right side) 
is not False and zero then result=y
"""
result=1 or 0
print(result) #1

# if x and y similar the result=x or y
# check if 3 not false and zero theb result=3
# otherwise check 5 is not False and zero then result=5
result=3 or 5
print(result) #3

#conditional statement
#0<1 condition true
result= 0<1 or 0>8
print(result) #True

result=False | 5
print(result) #5

# if x and y similar the result=x or y
result=False | False
print(result) #False

Output

one
1
3
True
5
False

class keyword

#class example
class Calculate:
    #constructor of class
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x=x
        self.y=y
    #member function
    def sum(self):
        result=self.x+self.y
        print self.x,"+",self.y,"=",result

obj1=Calculate(10,20)
obj1.sum()

obj2=Calculate(4,6)
obj2.sum()

Output

10 + 20 = 30
4 + 6 = 10