Print all nodes between the given two levels of a binary tree
In this problem, we are given a binary tree, and we are required to print all the nodes that lie between two given levels, inclusive of those levels. The binary tree is a data structure where each node can have at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child.
Example
Consider the following binary tree:
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
Nodes between levels 2 and 4 (inclusive) are: 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 7, 3, 6, 20
Nodes between levels 4 and 6 (inclusive) are: 7, 3, 6, 20, 2, 8, -3, 9
Nodes between levels 1 and 3 (inclusive) are: 10, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5
Nodes between levels 7 and 8 (inclusive) are: None (as there are no nodes in these levels)
Idea to Solve the Problem
To print the nodes between two given levels, we can perform a level order traversal of the binary tree using a custom queue data structure. For each level, we check if it falls between the given levels (inclusive) and print the nodes accordingly.
Code Solution
// C program
// Print all nodes between the given two levels of a binary tree
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//Node of binary tree
struct Node
{
int data;
struct Node *left, *right;
};
struct MyQueue
{
int level;
struct Node *element;
struct MyQueue *next;
};
//Create a binary tree nodes and node fields (data,pointer)
//And returning the reference of newly nodes
struct Node *insert(int data)
{
//create dynamic memory to new binary tree node
struct Node *new_node = (struct Node *) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (new_node != NULL)
{
//Set node value
new_node->data = data;
new_node->left = NULL;
new_node->right = NULL;
}
else
{
printf("Memory Overflow\n");
}
//return reference
return new_node;
}
//Create a queue node and returns this node
struct MyQueue *enqueue(struct Node *tree_node)
{
//Make a new Queue node
struct MyQueue *new_node = (struct MyQueue *) malloc(sizeof(struct MyQueue));
if (new_node != NULL)
{
//Set node values
new_node->element = tree_node;
new_node->next = NULL;
}
else
{
printf("Memory Overflow\n");
}
return new_node;
}
//Remove a queue elements
void dequeue(struct MyQueue **front)
{
if ( *front != NULL)
{
struct MyQueue *remove = *front;
//Visit to next node
*front = remove->next;
remove->element = NULL;
remove->next = NULL;
//free node
free(remove);
remove = NULL;
}
}
//This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
void print_level_nodes(struct Node *root, int a, int b)
{
if (a <= 0 || b <= 0)
{
//invalid level
return;
}
if (a > b)
{
//When level sequence in not valid
//Then change its sequence
print_level_nodes(root, b, a);
}
else
{
if (root != NULL)
{
//make a queue pointers
struct MyQueue *front = NULL, *tail = NULL;
//Get first node of tree
front = enqueue(root);
//Start level of first node is one
front->level = 1;
//Set tail node to first node
tail = front;
printf("\n Node between level (%d-%d) is \n", a, b);
// Define a tree variable
struct Node *node = NULL;
// Result indicator
int status = 0;
// Traversal tree elements in level order
while (front != NULL)
{
// Tree node
node = front->element;
if (node->left != NULL)
{
// Add new left child node
tail->next = enqueue(node->left);
tail->next->level = front->level + 1;
tail = tail->next;
}
if (node->right != NULL)
{
// Add new right child node
tail->next = enqueue(node->right);
tail->next->level = front->level + 1;
tail = tail->next;
}
if (front->level >= a && front->level <= b)
{
printf(" %d", node->data);
status = 1;
}
dequeue( &front);
}
tail = NULL;
if (status == 0)
{
printf(" None");
}
}
else
{
printf("\nEmpty Tree\n");
}
}
}
int main()
{
struct Node *root = NULL;
/*
Construct Binary Tree
-----------------------
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
-----------------------
*/
//Add node
root = insert(10);
root->left = insert(2);
root->right = insert(3);
root->right->right = insert(5);
root->right->left = insert(9);
root->left->left = insert(4);
root->left->left->left = insert(7);
root->left->left->right = insert(3);
root->right->left->right = insert(6);
root->right->right->right = insert(20);
root->right->right->right->left = insert(-3);
root->left->left->right->left = insert(2);
root->left->left->right->right = insert(8);
root->left->left->right->right->right = insert(9);
print_level_nodes(root, 2, 4);
print_level_nodes(root, 4, 6);
print_level_nodes(root, 1, 3);
print_level_nodes(root, 7, 8);
return 0;
}
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
/*
Java program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
public int data;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int data)
{
//set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
public TreeNode element;
public QueueNode next;
public int level;
public QueueNode(TreeNode element, int level)
{
this.element = element;
this.next = null;
this.level = level;
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
public QueueNode front;
public QueueNode tail;
public MyQueue()
{
this.front = null;
this.tail = null;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
public void enqueue(TreeNode element, int level)
{
QueueNode new_node = new QueueNode(element, level);
if (this.front == null)
{
//When first node of queue
this.front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
this.tail.next = new_node;
}
this.tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
public void dequeue()
{
if (this.front != null)
{
if (this.tail == this.front)
{
this.tail = null;
this.front = null;
}
else
{
this.front = this.front.next;
}
}
}
public boolean is_empty()
{
if (this.front == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree
{
public TreeNode root;
public BinaryTree()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
this.root = null;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
public void print_level_nodes(int a, int b)
{
if (this.root == null)
{
System.out.print("\n Empty Binary Tree \n");
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
TreeNode node = this.root;
int level = 1;
//Create a Queue
MyQueue queue = new MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
System.out.print("\n Node between level (" + a + "-" + b + ") is \n");
// Result indicator
boolean status = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front.element;
level = queue.front.level;
if (node.left != null)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1);
}
if (node.right != null)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
System.out.print(" " + node.data);
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if(status==false)
{
System.out.print(" None\n");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Object of Binary Tree
BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
/*
Construct Binary Tree
-----------------------
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
-----------------------
*/
//Add node
tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
tree.root.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.right = new TreeNode(5);
tree.root.right.left = new TreeNode(9);
tree.root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
tree.root.left.left.left = new TreeNode(7);
tree.root.left.left.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.left.right = new TreeNode(6);
tree.root.right.right.right = new TreeNode(20);
tree.root.right.right.right.left = new TreeNode(-3);
tree.root.left.left.right.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.left.left.right.right = new TreeNode(8);
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = new TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
}
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
//Include header file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/*
C++ program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
public: int data;
TreeNode *left;
TreeNode *right;
TreeNode(int data)
{
//set node value
this->data = data;
this->left = NULL;
this->right = NULL;
}
};
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
public: TreeNode *element;
QueueNode *next;
int level;
QueueNode(TreeNode *element, int level)
{
this->element = element;
this->next = NULL;
this->level = level;
}
};
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
public: QueueNode *front;
QueueNode *tail;
MyQueue()
{
this->front = NULL;
this->tail = NULL;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
void enqueue(TreeNode *element, int level)
{
QueueNode *new_node = new QueueNode(element, level);
if (this->front == NULL)
{
//When first node of queue
this->front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
this->tail->next = new_node;
}
this->tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
void dequeue()
{
if (this->front != NULL)
{
if (this->tail == this->front)
{
this->tail = NULL;
this->front = NULL;
}
else
{
this->front = this->front->next;
}
}
}
bool is_empty()
{
if (this->front == NULL)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
};
class BinaryTree
{
public: TreeNode *root;
BinaryTree()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
this->root = NULL;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
void print_level_nodes(int a, int b)
{
if (this->root == NULL)
{
cout << "\n Empty Binary Tree \n";
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
TreeNode *node = this->root;
int level = 1;
//Create a Queue
MyQueue queue = MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
cout << "\n Node between level (" << a << "-" << b << ") is \n";
// Result indicator
bool status = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front->element;
level = queue.front->level;
if (node->left != NULL)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node->left, level + 1);
}
if (node->right != NULL)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node->right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
cout << " " << node->data;
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if (status == false)
{
cout << " None\n";
}
}
}
};
int main()
{
//Object of Binary Tree
BinaryTree tree = BinaryTree();
tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
tree.root->left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root->right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root->right->right = new TreeNode(5);
tree.root->right->left = new TreeNode(9);
tree.root->left->left = new TreeNode(4);
tree.root->left->left->left = new TreeNode(7);
tree.root->left->left->right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root->right->left->right = new TreeNode(6);
tree.root->right->right->right = new TreeNode(20);
tree.root->right->right->right->left = new TreeNode(-3);
tree.root->left->left->right->left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root->left->left->right->right = new TreeNode(8);
tree.root->left->left->right->right->right = new TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
return 0;
}
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
//Include namespace system
using System;
/*
C# program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
public int data;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int data)
{
//set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
public TreeNode element;
public QueueNode next;
public int level;
public QueueNode(TreeNode element, int level)
{
this.element = element;
this.next = null;
this.level = level;
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
public QueueNode front;
public QueueNode tail;
public MyQueue()
{
this.front = null;
this.tail = null;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
public void enqueue(TreeNode element, int level)
{
QueueNode new_node = new QueueNode(element, level);
if (this.front == null)
{
//When first node of queue
this.front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
this.tail.next = new_node;
}
this.tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
public void dequeue()
{
if (this.front != null)
{
if (this.tail == this.front)
{
this.tail = null;
this.front = null;
}
else
{
this.front = this.front.next;
}
}
}
public Boolean is_empty()
{
if (this.front == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree
{
public TreeNode root;
public BinaryTree()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
this.root = null;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
public void print_level_nodes(int a, int b)
{
if (this.root == null)
{
Console.Write("\n Empty Binary Tree \n");
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
TreeNode node = this.root;
int level = 1;
//Create a Queue
MyQueue queue = new MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
Console.Write("\n Node between level (" + a + "-" + b + ") is \n");
// Result indicator
Boolean status = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front.element;
level = queue.front.level;
if (node.left != null)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1);
}
if (node.right != null)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
Console.Write(" " + node.data);
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if (status == false)
{
Console.Write(" None\n");
}
}
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
//Object of Binary Tree
BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
tree.root.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.right = new TreeNode(5);
tree.root.right.left = new TreeNode(9);
tree.root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
tree.root.left.left.left = new TreeNode(7);
tree.root.left.left.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.left.right = new TreeNode(6);
tree.root.right.right.right = new TreeNode(20);
tree.root.right.right.right.left = new TreeNode(-3);
tree.root.left.left.right.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.left.left.right.right = new TreeNode(8);
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = new TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
}
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
<?php
/*
Php program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
public $data;
public $left;
public $right;
function __construct($data)
{
//set node value
$this->data = $data;
$this->left = null;
$this->right = null;
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
public $element;
public $next;
public $level;
function __construct($element, $level)
{
$this->element = $element;
$this->next = null;
$this->level = $level;
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
public $front;
public $tail;
function __construct()
{
$this->front = null;
$this->tail = null;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
public function enqueue($element, $level)
{
$new_node = new QueueNode($element, $level);
if ($this->front == null)
{
//When first node of queue
$this->front = $new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
$this->tail->next = $new_node;
}
$this->tail = $new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
public function dequeue()
{
if ($this->front != null)
{
if ($this->tail == $this->front)
{
$this->tail = null;
$this->front = null;
}
else
{
$this->front = $this->front->next;
}
}
}
public function is_empty()
{
if ($this->front == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree
{
public $root;
function __construct()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
$this->root = null;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
public function print_level_nodes($a, $b)
{
if ($this->root == null)
{
echo "\n Empty Binary Tree \n";
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
$node = $this->root;
$level = 1;
//Create a Queue
$queue = new MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
$queue->enqueue($node, $level);
echo "\n Node between level (". $a ."-". $b .") is \n";
// Result indicator
$status = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while ($queue->is_empty() == false)
{
$node = $queue->front->element;
$level = $queue->front->level;
if ($node->left != null)
{
//Add left node
$queue->enqueue($node->left, $level + 1);
}
if ($node->right != null)
{
//Add right node
$queue->enqueue($node->right, $level + 1);
}
if ($level >= $a && $level <= $b)
{
$status = true;
echo " ". $node->data;
}
//remove element into queue
$queue->dequeue();
}
if ($status == false)
{
echo " None\n";
}
}
}
}
function main()
{
//Object of Binary Tree
$tree = new BinaryTree();
/*
Construct Binary Tree
-----------------------
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
-----------------------
*/
//Add node
$tree->root = new TreeNode(10);
$tree->root->left = new TreeNode(2);
$tree->root->right = new TreeNode(3);
$tree->root->right->right = new TreeNode(5);
$tree->root->right->left = new TreeNode(9);
$tree->root->left->left = new TreeNode(4);
$tree->root->left->left->left = new TreeNode(7);
$tree->root->left->left->right = new TreeNode(3);
$tree->root->right->left->right = new TreeNode(6);
$tree->root->right->right->right = new TreeNode(20);
$tree->root->right->right->right->left = new TreeNode(-3);
$tree->root->left->left->right->left = new TreeNode(2);
$tree->root->left->left->right->right = new TreeNode(8);
$tree->root->left->left->right->right->right = new TreeNode(9);
$tree->print_level_nodes(2, 4);
$tree->print_level_nodes(4, 6);
$tree->print_level_nodes(1, 3);
$tree->print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
main();
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
/*
Node Js program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
constructor(data)
{
//set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
constructor(element, level)
{
this.element = element;
this.next = null;
this.level = level;
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
constructor()
{
this.front = null;
this.tail = null;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
enqueue(element, level)
{
var new_node = new QueueNode(element, level);
if (this.front == null)
{
//When first node of queue
this.front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
this.tail.next = new_node;
}
this.tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
dequeue()
{
if (this.front != null)
{
if (this.tail == this.front)
{
this.tail = null;
this.front = null;
}
else
{
this.front = this.front.next;
}
}
}
is_empty()
{
if (this.front == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree
{
constructor()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
this.root = null;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
print_level_nodes(a, b)
{
if (this.root == null)
{
process.stdout.write("\n Empty Binary Tree \n");
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
var node = this.root;
var level = 1;
//Create a Queue
var queue = new MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
process.stdout.write("\n Node between level (" + a + "-" + b + ") is \n");
// Result indicator
var status = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front.element;
level = queue.front.level;
if (node.left != null)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1);
}
if (node.right != null)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
process.stdout.write(" " + node.data);
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if (status == false)
{
process.stdout.write(" None\n");
}
}
}
}
function main()
{
//Object of Binary Tree
var tree = new BinaryTree();
/*
Construct Binary Tree
-----------------------
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
-----------------------
*/
//Add node
tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
tree.root.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.right = new TreeNode(5);
tree.root.right.left = new TreeNode(9);
tree.root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
tree.root.left.left.left = new TreeNode(7);
tree.root.left.left.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.left.right = new TreeNode(6);
tree.root.right.right.right = new TreeNode(20);
tree.root.right.right.right.left = new TreeNode(-3);
tree.root.left.left.right.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.left.left.right.right = new TreeNode(8);
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = new TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
main();
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
# Python 3 program
# Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
# Binary Tree node
class TreeNode :
def __init__(self, data) :
# set node value
self.data = data
self.left = None
self.right = None
# Queue Node
class QueueNode :
def __init__(self, element, level) :
self.element = element
self.next = None
self.level = level
# Define custom queue class
class MyQueue :
def __init__(self) :
self.front = None
self.tail = None
# Add a new node at last of queue
def enqueue(self, element, level) :
new_node = QueueNode(element, level)
if (self.front == None) :
# When first node of queue
self.front = new_node
else :
# Add node at last position
self.tail.next = new_node
self.tail = new_node
# Delete first node of queue
def dequeue(self) :
if (self.front != None) :
if (self.tail == self.front) :
self.tail = None
self.front = None
else :
self.front = self.front.next
def is_empty(self) :
if (self.front == None) :
return True
else :
return False
class BinaryTree :
def __init__(self) :
# Set initial tree root to null
self.root = None
# This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
def print_level_nodes(self, a, b) :
if (self.root == None) :
print("\n Empty Binary Tree \n", end = "")
else :
# Get top node in tree
node = self.root
level = 1
# Create a Queue
queue = MyQueue()
# Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level)
print("\n Node between level (", a ,"-", b ,") is \n", end = "")
# Result indicator
status = False
# Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == False) :
node = queue.front.element
level = queue.front.level
if (node.left != None) :
# Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1)
if (node.right != None) :
# Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1)
if (level >= a and level <= b) :
status = True
print(" ", node.data, end = "")
# remove element into queue
queue.dequeue()
if (status == False) :
print(" None\n", end = "")
def main() :
# Object of Binary Tree
tree = BinaryTree()
#
# Construct Binary Tree
# -----------------------
# 10
# / \
# 2 3
# / / \
# 4 9 5
# / \ \ \
# 7 3 6 20
# / \ /
# 2 8 -3
# \
# 9
# -----------------------
#
# Add node
tree.root = TreeNode(10)
tree.root.left = TreeNode(2)
tree.root.right = TreeNode(3)
tree.root.right.right = TreeNode(5)
tree.root.right.left = TreeNode(9)
tree.root.left.left = TreeNode(4)
tree.root.left.left.left = TreeNode(7)
tree.root.left.left.right = TreeNode(3)
tree.root.right.left.right = TreeNode(6)
tree.root.right.right.right = TreeNode(20)
tree.root.right.right.right.left = TreeNode(-3)
tree.root.left.left.right.left = TreeNode(2)
tree.root.left.left.right.right = TreeNode(8)
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = TreeNode(9)
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4)
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6)
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3)
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8)
if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Output
Node between level ( 2 - 4 ) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level ( 4 - 6 ) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level ( 1 - 3 ) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level ( 7 - 8 ) is
None
# Ruby program
# Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
# Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
# Define the accessor and reader of class TreeNode
attr_reader :data, :left, :right
attr_accessor :data, :left, :right
def initialize(data)
# set node value
self.data = data
self.left = nil
self.right = nil
end
end
# Queue Node
class QueueNode
# Define the accessor and reader of class QueueNode
attr_reader :element, :next, :level
attr_accessor :element, :next, :level
def initialize(element, level)
self.element = element
self.next = nil
self.level = level
end
end
# Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
# Define the accessor and reader of class MyQueue
attr_reader :front, :tail
attr_accessor :front, :tail
def initialize()
self.front = nil
self.tail = nil
end
# Add a new node at last of queue
def enqueue(element, level)
new_node = QueueNode.new(element, level)
if (self.front == nil)
# When first node of queue
self.front = new_node
else
# Add node at last position
self.tail.next = new_node
end
self.tail = new_node
end
# Delete first node of queue
def dequeue()
if (self.front != nil)
if (self.tail == self.front)
self.tail = nil
self.front = nil
else
self.front = self.front.next
end
end
end
def is_empty()
if (self.front == nil)
return true
else
return false
end
end
end
class BinaryTree
# Define the accessor and reader of class BinaryTree
attr_reader :root
attr_accessor :root
def initialize()
# Set initial tree root to null
self.root = nil
end
# This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
def print_level_nodes(a, b)
if (self.root == nil)
print("\n Empty Binary Tree \n")
else
# Get top node in tree
node = self.root
level = 1
# Create a Queue
queue = MyQueue.new()
# Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level)
print("\n Node between level (", a ,"-", b ,") is \n")
# Result indicator
status = false
# Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
node = queue.front.element
level = queue.front.level
if (node.left != nil)
# Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1)
end
if (node.right != nil)
# Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1)
end
if (level >= a && level <= b)
status = true
print(" ", node.data)
end
# remove element into queue
queue.dequeue()
end
if (status == false)
print(" None\n")
end
end
end
end
def main()
# Object of Binary Tree
tree = BinaryTree.new()
#
# Construct Binary Tree
# -----------------------
# 10
# / \
# 2 3
# / / \
# 4 9 5
# / \ \ \
# 7 3 6 20
# / \ /
# 2 8 -3
# \
# 9
# -----------------------
#
# Add node
tree.root = TreeNode.new(10)
tree.root.left = TreeNode.new(2)
tree.root.right = TreeNode.new(3)
tree.root.right.right = TreeNode.new(5)
tree.root.right.left = TreeNode.new(9)
tree.root.left.left = TreeNode.new(4)
tree.root.left.left.left = TreeNode.new(7)
tree.root.left.left.right = TreeNode.new(3)
tree.root.right.left.right = TreeNode.new(6)
tree.root.right.right.right = TreeNode.new(20)
tree.root.right.right.right.left = TreeNode.new(-3)
tree.root.left.left.right.left = TreeNode.new(2)
tree.root.left.left.right.right = TreeNode.new(8)
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = TreeNode.new(9)
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4)
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6)
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3)
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8)
end
main()
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
/*
Scala program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode(var data: Int,
var left: TreeNode,
var right: TreeNode)
{
def this(data: Int)
{
this(data, null, null);
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode(var element: TreeNode,
var next: QueueNode,
var level: Int)
{
def this(element: TreeNode, level: Int)
{
this(element, null, level);
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue(var front: QueueNode,
var tail: QueueNode)
{
def this()
{
this(null, null);
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
def enqueue(element: TreeNode, level: Int): Unit = {
var new_node: QueueNode = new QueueNode(element, level);
if (this.front == null)
{
//When first node of queue
this.front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
this.tail.next = new_node;
}
this.tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
def dequeue(): Unit = {
if (this.front != null)
{
if (this.tail == this.front)
{
this.tail = null;
this.front = null;
}
else
{
this.front = this.front.next;
}
}
}
def is_empty(): Boolean = {
if (this.front == null)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree(var root: TreeNode)
{
def this()
{
this(null);
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
def print_level_nodes(a: Int, b: Int): Unit = {
if (this.root == null)
{
print("\n Empty Binary Tree \n");
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
var node: TreeNode = this.root;
var level: Int = 1;
//Create a Queue
var queue: MyQueue = new MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
print("\n Node between level (" + a + "-" + b + ") is \n");
// Result indicator
var status: Boolean = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front.element;
level = queue.front.level;
if (node.left != null)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node.left, level + 1);
}
if (node.right != null)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node.right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
print(" " + node.data);
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if (status == false)
{
print(" None\n");
}
}
}
}
object Main
{
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
//Object of Binary Tree
var tree: BinaryTree = new BinaryTree();
/*
Construct Binary Tree
-----------------------
10
/ \
2 3
/ / \
4 9 5
/ \ \ \
7 3 6 20
/ \ /
2 8 -3
\
9
-----------------------
*/
//Add node
tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
tree.root.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.right = new TreeNode(5);
tree.root.right.left = new TreeNode(9);
tree.root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
tree.root.left.left.left = new TreeNode(7);
tree.root.left.left.right = new TreeNode(3);
tree.root.right.left.right = new TreeNode(6);
tree.root.right.right.right = new TreeNode(20);
tree.root.right.right.right.left = new TreeNode(-3);
tree.root.left.left.right.left = new TreeNode(2);
tree.root.left.left.right.right = new TreeNode(8);
tree.root.left.left.right.right.right = new TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
}
Output
Node between level (2-4) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level (4-6) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level (1-3) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level (7-8) is
None
/*
Swift 4 program
Print all palindromic levels of a binary tree
*/
//Binary Tree node
class TreeNode
{
var data: Int;
var left: TreeNode? ;
var right: TreeNode? ;
init(_ data: Int)
{
//set node value
self.data = data;
self.left = nil;
self.right = nil;
}
}
// Queue Node
class QueueNode
{
var element: TreeNode? ;
var next: QueueNode? ;
var level: Int;
init(_ element: TreeNode? , _ level : Int)
{
self.element = element;
self.next = nil;
self.level = level;
}
}
//Define custom queue class
class MyQueue
{
var front: QueueNode? ;
var tail: QueueNode? ;
init()
{
self.front = nil;
self.tail = nil;
}
//Add a new node at last of queue
func enqueue(_ element: TreeNode? , _ level : Int)
{
let new_node: QueueNode? = QueueNode(element, level);
if (self.front == nil)
{
//When first node of queue
self.front = new_node;
}
else
{
//Add node at last position
self.tail!.next = new_node;
}
self.tail = new_node;
}
//Delete first node of queue
func dequeue()
{
if (self.front != nil)
{
if (self.tail === self.front)
{
self.tail = nil;
self.front = nil;
}
else
{
self.front = self.front!.next;
}
}
}
func is_empty() -> Bool
{
if (self.front == nil)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
class BinaryTree
{
var root: TreeNode? ;
init()
{
// Set initial tree root to null
self.root = nil;
}
// This are printing all binary tree nodes, between given (A to B) levels
func print_level_nodes(_ a: Int, _ b: Int)
{
if (self.root == nil)
{
print("\n Empty Binary Tree \n", terminator: "");
}
else
{
//Get top node in tree
var node: TreeNode? = self.root;
var level: Int = 1;
//Create a Queue
let queue: MyQueue = MyQueue();
//Add first node at the level of one
queue.enqueue(node, level);
print("\n Node between level (", a ,"-", b ,") is \n", terminator: "");
// Result indicator
var status: Bool = false;
//Execute loop until the queue is not empty
while (queue.is_empty() == false)
{
node = queue.front!.element;
level = queue.front!.level;
if (node!.left != nil)
{
//Add left node
queue.enqueue(node!.left, level + 1);
}
if (node!.right != nil)
{
//Add right node
queue.enqueue(node!.right, level + 1);
}
if (level >= a && level <= b)
{
status = true;
print(" ", node!.data, terminator: "");
}
//remove element into queue
queue.dequeue();
}
if (status == false)
{
print(" None\n", terminator: "");
}
}
}
}
func main()
{
//Object of Binary Tree
let tree: BinaryTree = BinaryTree();
tree.root = TreeNode(10);
tree.root!.left = TreeNode(2);
tree.root!.right = TreeNode(3);
tree.root!.right!.right = TreeNode(5);
tree.root!.right!.left = TreeNode(9);
tree.root!.left!.left = TreeNode(4);
tree.root!.left!.left!.left = TreeNode(7);
tree.root!.left!.left!.right = TreeNode(3);
tree.root!.right!.left!.right = TreeNode(6);
tree.root!.right!.right!.right = TreeNode(20);
tree.root!.right!.right!.right!.left = TreeNode(-3);
tree.root!.left!.left!.right!.left = TreeNode(2);
tree.root!.left!.left!.right!.right = TreeNode(8);
tree.root!.left!.left!.right!.right!.right = TreeNode(9);
tree.print_level_nodes(2, 4);
tree.print_level_nodes(4, 6);
tree.print_level_nodes(1, 3);
tree.print_level_nodes(7, 8);
}
main();
Output
Node between level ( 2 - 4 ) is
2 3 4 9 5 7 3 6 20
Node between level ( 4 - 6 ) is
7 3 6 20 2 8 -3 9
Node between level ( 1 - 3 ) is
10 2 3 4 9 5
Node between level ( 7 - 8 ) is
None
Algorithm
- Define the
TreeNode
class to represent a node in the binary tree. Each node will have a data value and pointers to its left and right children. - Define the
QueueNode
class to represent a node in the custom queue. Each node will contain a pointer to a binary tree node, its level, and a link to the next node in the queue. - Define the
MyQueue
class to implement the custom queue. It will have methods to enqueue and dequeue nodes, as well as a method to check if the queue is empty. - Define the
BinaryTree
class to represent the binary tree. It will have a methodprint_level_nodes(int a, int b)
to print all the nodes between levelsa
andb
. - Perform a level order traversal of the binary tree using a queue. For each level, check if it falls between
the given levels
a
andb
(inclusive). If it does, print the nodes; otherwise, skip that level.
Time Complexity
- The time complexity of performing a level order traversal of the binary tree to find nodes between two levels is O(N), where N is the number of nodes in the tree.
- Therefore, the overall time complexity of the algorithm is O(N), where N is the number of nodes in the binary tree.
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