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Print the all leaf nodes in N ary tree

This article plunges into the intriguing realm of N-ary trees, unveiling the process of printing all the leaf nodes present within such trees. Through a detailed breakdown of the problem, the strategy to solve it, and the code implementation, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of how to navigate and identify leaf nodes within N-ary trees.

Problem Statement

Given an N-ary tree, the task is to print all the leaf nodes within the tree.

Example

Consider the following N-ary tree:


             10
             /  \
            /    \
           /      \   
          8        5
         /|\     /|\ 
        / | \   / | \
       -2 1  6 7 18 3 4
        / \         /| \
       9  11       2 1 3
         /  \
        17   12

The output is:

-2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3

Solution Strategy

  1. Create a class TreeNode to represent nodes in the N-ary tree. This class should contain a value and a vector of children.
  2. Implement the NAryTree class, responsible for building the N-ary tree and printing the leaf nodes.
  3. Traverse the tree and print the value of nodes that have no children, i.e., leaf nodes.

Code Solution

import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.ArrayList;
// Java program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree 
class TreeNode
{
	public int key;
	public Vector < TreeNode > child;
	public TreeNode(int key)
	{
		this.key = key;
		this.child = new Vector < TreeNode > ();
	}
	public void addChild(int key)
	{
		TreeNode t = new TreeNode(key);
		this.child.add(t);
	}
}
public class NAryTree
{
	public TreeNode root;
	public NAryTree()
	{
		// Set initial tree root to null
		this.root = null;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes 
	public void printLeafNode(TreeNode node)
	{
		if (node == null)
		{
			return;
		}
		int i = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.size())
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			printLeafNode(node.child.get(i));
			i++;
		}
		if (node.child.size() == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			System.out.print("  " + node.key);
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		NAryTree tree = new NAryTree();
		/*
		           10
		          /   \
		         /     \
		        /       \   
		       8         5
		      /|\      /|\ \ 
		     / | \    / | \ \
		    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
		      / \           /| \
		     9  11         2 1  3
		       /  \
		      17   12   
		    -----------------------
		    Constructing N-Arr tree
		*/
		// First element of tree
		tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
		tree.root.addChild(8);
		tree.root.addChild(5);
		// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
		tree.root.child.get(0).addChild(-2);
		tree.root.child.get(0).addChild(1);
		tree.root.child.get(0).addChild(6);
		// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
		tree.root.child.get(0).child.get(1).addChild(9);
		tree.root.child.get(0).child.get(1).addChild(11);
		// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
		tree.root.child.get(0).child.get(1).child.get(1).addChild(17);
		tree.root.child.get(0).child.get(1).child.get(1).addChild(12);
		// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
		tree.root.child.get(1).addChild(7);
		tree.root.child.get(1).addChild(18);
		tree.root.child.get(1).addChild(3);
		tree.root.child.get(1).addChild(4);
		// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
		tree.root.child.get(1).child.get(3).addChild(2);
		tree.root.child.get(1).child.get(3).addChild(1);
		tree.root.child.get(1).child.get(3).addChild(3);
		tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
	}
}

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
// Include header file
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

// C++ program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode
{
	public: int key;
	vector < TreeNode* > child;
	TreeNode(int key)
	{
		this->key = key;
	}
	void addChild(int key)
	{
		TreeNode *t = new TreeNode(key);
		this->child.push_back(t);
	}
};
class NAryTree
{
	public: TreeNode *root;
	NAryTree()
	{
		this->root = NULL;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	void printLeafNode(TreeNode *node)
	{
		if (node == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		int i = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node->child.size())
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			this->printLeafNode(node->child.at(i));
			i++;
		}
		if (node->child.size() == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			cout << "  " << node->key;
		}
	}
};
int main()
{
	NAryTree *tree = new NAryTree();
	/*
	           10
	          /   \
	         /     \
	        /       \   
	       8         5
	      /|\      /|\ \ 
	     / | \    / | \ \
	    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	      / \           /| \
	     9  11         2 1  3
	       /  \
	      17   12   
	    -----------------------
	    Constructing N-Arr tree
	*/
	// First element of tree
	tree->root = new TreeNode(10);
	tree->root->addChild(8);
	tree->root->addChild(5);
	// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree->root->child.at(0)->addChild(-2);
	tree->root->child.at(0)->addChild(1);
	tree->root->child.at(0)->addChild(6);
	// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree->root->child.at(0)->child.at(1)->addChild(9);
	tree->root->child.at(0)->child.at(1)->addChild(11);
	// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree->root->child.at(0)->child.at(1)->child.at(1)->addChild(17);
	tree->root->child.at(0)->child.at(1)->child.at(1)->addChild(12);
	// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree->root->child.at(1)->addChild(7);
	tree->root->child.at(1)->addChild(18);
	tree->root->child.at(1)->addChild(3);
	tree->root->child.at(1)->addChild(4);
	// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree->root->child.at(1)->child.at(3)->addChild(2);
	tree->root->child.at(1)->child.at(3)->addChild(1);
	tree->root->child.at(1)->child.at(3)->addChild(3);
	tree->printLeafNode(tree->root);
	return 0;
}

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
// Include namespace system
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

// Csharp program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
public class TreeNode
{
	public int key;
	public List < TreeNode > child;
	public TreeNode(int key)
	{
		this.key = key;
		this.child = new List < TreeNode > ();
	}
	public void addChild(int key)
	{
		TreeNode t = new TreeNode(key);
		this.child.Add(t);
	}
}
public class NAryTree
{
	public TreeNode root;
	public NAryTree()
	{
		// Set initial tree root to null
		this.root = null;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	public void printLeafNode(TreeNode node)
	{
		if (node == null)
		{
			return;
		}
		int i = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.Count)
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			this.printLeafNode(node.child[i]);
			i++;
		}
		if (node.child.Count == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			Console.Write("  " + node.key);
		}
	}
	public static void Main(String[] args)
	{
		NAryTree tree = new NAryTree();
		/*
		           10
		          /   \
		         /     \
		        /       \   
		       8         5
		      /|\      /|\ \ 
		     / | \    / | \ \
		    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
		      / \           /| \
		     9  11         2 1  3
		       /  \
		      17   12   
		    -----------------------
		    Constructing N-Arr tree
		*/
		// First element of tree
		tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
		tree.root.addChild(8);
		tree.root.addChild(5);
		// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
		tree.root.child[0].addChild(-2);
		tree.root.child[0].addChild(1);
		tree.root.child[0].addChild(6);
		// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
		tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(9);
		tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(11);
		// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
		tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(17);
		tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(12);
		// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
		tree.root.child[1].addChild(7);
		tree.root.child[1].addChild(18);
		tree.root.child[1].addChild(3);
		tree.root.child[1].addChild(4);
		// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
		tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(2);
		tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(1);
		tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(3);
		tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
	}
}

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
<?php
// Php program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode
{
	public $key;
	public $child;
	public	function __construct($key)
	{
		$this->key = $key;
		$this->child = array();
	}
	public	function addChild($key)
	{
		$t = new TreeNode($key);
		$this->child[] = $t;
	}
}
class NAryTree
{
	public $root;
	public	function __construct()
	{
		$this->root = NULL;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	public	function printLeafNode($node)
	{
		if ($node == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		$i = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while ($i < count($node->child))
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			$this->printLeafNode($node->child[$i]);
			$i++;
		}
		if (count($node->child) == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			echo("  ".$node->key);
		}
	}
}

function main()
{
	$tree = new NAryTree();
	/*
	           10
	          /   \
	         /     \
	        /       \   
	       8         5
	      /|\      /|\ \ 
	     / | \    / | \ \
	    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	      / \           /| \
	     9  11         2 1  3
	       /  \
	      17   12   
	    -----------------------
	    Constructing N-Arr tree
	*/
	// First element of tree
	$tree->root = new TreeNode(10);
	$tree->root->addChild(8);
	$tree->root->addChild(5);
	// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	$tree->root->child[0]->addChild(-2);
	$tree->root->child[0]->addChild(1);
	$tree->root->child[0]->addChild(6);
	// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	$tree->root->child[0]->child[1]->addChild(9);
	$tree->root->child[0]->child[1]->addChild(11);
	// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	$tree->root->child[0]->child[1]->child[1]->addChild(17);
	$tree->root->child[0]->child[1]->child[1]->addChild(12);
	// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	$tree->root->child[1]->addChild(7);
	$tree->root->child[1]->addChild(18);
	$tree->root->child[1]->addChild(3);
	$tree->root->child[1]->addChild(4);
	// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	$tree->root->child[1]->child[3]->addChild(2);
	$tree->root->child[1]->child[3]->addChild(1);
	$tree->root->child[1]->child[3]->addChild(3);
	$tree->printLeafNode($tree->root);
}
main();

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
// Node JS program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode
{
	constructor(key)
	{
		this.key = key;
		this.child = [];
	}
	addChild(key)
	{
		var t = new TreeNode(key);
		this.child.push(t);
	}
}
class NAryTree
{
	constructor()
	{
		this.root = null;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	printLeafNode(node)
	{
		if (node == null)
		{
			return;
		}
		var i = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.length)
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			this.printLeafNode(node.child[i]);
			i++;
		}
		if (node.child.length == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			process.stdout.write("  " + node.key);
		}
	}
}

function main()
{
	var tree = new NAryTree();
	/*
	           10
	          /   \
	         /     \
	        /       \   
	       8         5
	      /|\      /|\ \ 
	     / | \    / | \ \
	    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	      / \           /| \
	     9  11         2 1  3
	       /  \
	      17   12   
	    -----------------------
	    Constructing N-Arr tree
	*/
	// First element of tree
	tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
	tree.root.addChild(8);
	tree.root.addChild(5);
	// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(-2);
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(1);
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(6);
	// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(9);
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(11);
	// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(17);
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(12);
	// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(7);
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(18);
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(3);
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(4);
	// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(2);
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(1);
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(3);
	tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
}
main();

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
#  Python 3 program for
#  Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode :
	def __init__(self, key) :
		self.key = key
		self.child = []
	
	def addChild(self, key) :
		t = TreeNode(key)
		self.child.append(t)
	

class NAryTree :
	def __init__(self) :
		self.root = None
	
	#  Print all leaf nodes
	def printLeafNode(self, node) :
		if (node == None) :
			return
		
		i = 0
		#  iterating the child of given node
		while (i < len(node.child)) :
			#  Recursively visit child node
			self.printLeafNode(node.child[i])
			i += 1
		
		if (len(node.child) == 0) :
			#  When node is left node
			print("  ", node.key, end = "")
		
	

def main() :
	tree = NAryTree()
	#           10
	#          /   \
	#         /     \
	#        /       \   
	#       8         5
	#      /|\      /|\ \ 
	#     / | \    / | \ \
	#    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	#      / \           /| \
	#     9  11         2 1  3
	#       /  \
	#      17   12   
	#    -----------------------
	#    Constructing N-Arr tree
    
	#  First element of tree
	tree.root = TreeNode(10)
	tree.root.addChild(8)
	tree.root.addChild(5)
	#  Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(-2)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(1)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(6)
	#  Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(9)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(11)
	#  Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(17)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(12)
	#  Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(7)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(18)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(3)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(4)
	#  Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(2)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(1)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(3)
	tree.printLeafNode(tree.root)

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

input

   -2   9   17   12   6   7   18   3   2   1   3
#  Ruby program for
#  Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode 
	# Define the accessor and reader of class TreeNode
	attr_reader :key, :child
	attr_accessor :key, :child
	def initialize(key) 
		self.key = key
		self.child = []
	end

	def addChild(key) 
		t = TreeNode.new(key)
		self.child.push(t)
	end

end

class NAryTree 
	# Define the accessor and reader of class NAryTree
	attr_reader :root
	attr_accessor :root
	def initialize() 
		self.root = nil
	end

	#  Print all leaf nodes
	def printLeafNode(node) 
		if (node == nil) 
			return
		end

		i = 0
		#  iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.length) 
			#  Recursively visit child node
			self.printLeafNode(node.child[i])
			i += 1
		end

		if (node.child.length == 0) 
			#  When node is left node
			print("  ", node.key)
		end

	end

end

def main() 
	tree = NAryTree.new()
	#           10
	#          /   \
	#         /     \
	#        /       \   
	#       8         5
	#      /|\      /|\ \ 
	#     / | \    / | \ \
	#    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	#      / \           /| \
	#     9  11         2 1  3
	#       /  \
	#      17   12   
	#    -----------------------
	#    Constructing N-Arr tree
	#  First element of tree
	tree.root = TreeNode.new(10)
	tree.root.addChild(8)
	tree.root.addChild(5)
	#  Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(-2)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(1)
	tree.root.child[0].addChild(6)
	#  Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(9)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].addChild(11)
	#  Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(17)
	tree.root.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(12)
	#  Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(7)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(18)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(3)
	tree.root.child[1].addChild(4)
	#  Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(2)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(1)
	tree.root.child[1].child[3].addChild(3)
	tree.printLeafNode(tree.root)
end

main()

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
import scala.collection.mutable._;
// Scala program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode(var key: Int,
	var child: ArrayBuffer[TreeNode])
{
	def this(key: Int)
	{
		this(key, new ArrayBuffer[TreeNode]());
	}
	def addChild(key: Int): Unit = {
		var t: TreeNode = new TreeNode(key);
		this.child += t;
	}
}
class NAryTree(var root: TreeNode)
{
	def this()
	{
		this(null);
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	def printLeafNode(node: TreeNode): Unit = {
		if (node == null)
		{
			return;
		}
		var i: Int = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.size)
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			printLeafNode(node.child(i));
			i += 1;
		}
		if (node.child.size == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			print("  " + node.key);
		}
	}
}
object Main
{
	def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
		var tree: NAryTree = new NAryTree();
		/*
		           10
		          /   \
		         /     \
		        /       \   
		       8         5
		      /|\      /|\ \ 
		     / | \    / | \ \
		    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
		      / \           /| \
		     9  11         2 1  3
		       /  \
		      17   12   
		    -----------------------
		    Constructing N-Arr tree
		*/
		// First element of tree
		tree.root = new TreeNode(10);
		tree.root.addChild(8);
		tree.root.addChild(5);
		// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
		tree.root.child(0).addChild(-2);
		tree.root.child(0).addChild(1);
		tree.root.child(0).addChild(6);
		// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
		tree.root.child(0).child(1).addChild(9);
		tree.root.child(0).child(1).addChild(11);
		// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
		tree.root.child(0).child(1).child(1).addChild(17);
		tree.root.child(0).child(1).child(1).addChild(12);
		// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
		tree.root.child(1).addChild(7);
		tree.root.child(1).addChild(18);
		tree.root.child(1).addChild(3);
		tree.root.child(1).addChild(4);
		// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
		tree.root.child(1).child(3).addChild(2);
		tree.root.child(1).child(3).addChild(1);
		tree.root.child(1).child(3).addChild(3);
		tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
	}
}

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3
// Swift 4 program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode
{
	var key: Int;
	var child: [TreeNode?] ;
	init(_ key: Int)
	{
		self.key = key;
		self.child = [TreeNode]();
	}
	func addChild(_ key: Int)
	{
		let t: TreeNode = TreeNode(key);
		self.child.append(t);
	}
}
class NAryTree
{
	var root: TreeNode? ;
	init()
	{
		self.root = nil;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	func printLeafNode(_ node: TreeNode? )
	{
		if (node == nil)
		{
			return;
		}
		var i: Int = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node!.child.count)
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			self.printLeafNode(node!.child[i]);
			i += 1;
		}
		if (node!.child.count == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			print("  ", node!.key, terminator: "");
		}
	}
}
func main()
{
	let tree: NAryTree = NAryTree();
	/*
	           10
	          /   \
	         /     \
	        /       \   
	       8         5
	      /|\      /|\ \ 
	     / | \    / | \ \
	    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	      / \           /| \
	     9  11         2 1  3
	       /  \
	      17   12   
	    -----------------------
	    Constructing N-Arr tree
	*/
	// First element of tree
	tree.root = TreeNode(10);
	tree.root!.addChild(8);
	tree.root!.addChild(5);
	// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree.root!.child[0]!.addChild(-2);
	tree.root!.child[0]!.addChild(1);
	tree.root!.child[0]!.addChild(6);
	// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree.root!.child[0]!.child[1]!.addChild(9);
	tree.root!.child[0]!.child[1]!.addChild(11);
	// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree.root!.child[0]!.child[1]!.child[1]!.addChild(17);
	tree.root!.child[0]!.child[1]!.child[1]!.addChild(12);
	// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree.root!.child[1]!.addChild(7);
	tree.root!.child[1]!.addChild(18);
	tree.root!.child[1]!.addChild(3);
	tree.root!.child[1]!.addChild(4);
	// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree.root!.child[1]!.child[3]!.addChild(2);
	tree.root!.child[1]!.child[3]!.addChild(1);
	tree.root!.child[1]!.child[3]!.addChild(3);
	tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
}
main();

input

   -2   9   17   12   6   7   18   3   2   1   3
// Kotlin program for
// Print the all leaf nodes in N-ary tree
class TreeNode
{
	var key: Int;
	var child: MutableList<TreeNode> ;
	constructor(key: Int)
	{
		this.key = key;
		this.child = mutableListOf<TreeNode>();
	}
	fun addChild(key: Int): Unit
	{
		val t: TreeNode = TreeNode(key);
		this.child.add(t);
	}
}
class NAryTree
{
	var root: TreeNode ? ;
	constructor()
	{
		this.root = null;
	}
	// Print all leaf nodes
	fun printLeafNode(node: TreeNode ? ): Unit
	{
		if (node == null)
		{
			return;
		}
		var i: Int = 0;
		// iterating the child of given node
		while (i < node.child.size)
		{
			// Recursively visit child node
			this.printLeafNode(node.child[i]);
			i += 1;
		}
		if (node.child.size == 0)
		{
			// When node is left node
			print("  " + node.key);
		}
	}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
	val tree: NAryTree = NAryTree();
	/*
	           10
	          /   \
	         /     \
	        /       \   
	       8         5
	      /|\      /|\ \ 
	     / | \    / | \ \
	    -2 1  6  7 18 3  4
	      / \           /| \
	     9  11         2 1  3
	       /  \
	      17   12   
	    -----------------------
	    Constructing N-Arr tree
	*/
	// First element of tree
	tree.root = TreeNode(10);
	tree.root?.addChild(8);
	tree.root?.addChild(5);
	// Add child node [-2,1,5] in node (8)
	tree.root!!.child[0].addChild(-2);
	tree.root!!.child[0].addChild(1);
	tree.root!!.child[0].addChild(6);
	// Add child node [9,11] in node (1)
	tree.root!!.child[0].child[1].addChild(9);
	tree.root!!.child[0].child[1].addChild(11);
	// Add child node [17  12] in node (11)
	tree.root!!.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(17);
	tree.root!!.child[0].child[1].child[1].addChild(12);
	// Add child node [7 18 3  4] in node (5)
	tree.root!!.child[1].addChild(7);
	tree.root!!.child[1].addChild(18);
	tree.root!!.child[1].addChild(3);
	tree.root!!.child[1].addChild(4);
	// Add child node [2,1,3] in node (7)
	tree.root!!.child[1].child[3].addChild(2);
	tree.root!!.child[1].child[3].addChild(1);
	tree.root!!.child[1].child[3].addChild(3);
	tree.printLeafNode(tree.root);
}

input

  -2  9  17  12  6  7  18  3  2  1  3

Time Complexity Analysis

In the worst case, the traversal of the N-ary tree requires visiting each node once. Since the tree's depth is limited, the time complexity is O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the tree.

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