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Print hollow half diamond hash pattern

In this article, we will discuss how to print a hollow half diamond hash pattern using a simple C program. The pattern consists of asterisks (*) arranged in a specific manner to form a diamond shape with hollow spaces in between. We will explain the problem statement, provide a suitable example, discuss the algorithm and pseudocode, and analyze the resultant output with the time complexity of the code.

Problem Statement

The problem is to write a program that prints a hollow half diamond hash pattern based on the given width. The pattern should be displayed on the console using asterisks (*) and spaces. The top half of the diamond should be printed first, followed by the bottom half. Each row of the pattern should have asterisks (*) at the edges and spaces in between. The width determines the number of rows in the pattern.

Example:

Let's consider an example with a width of 5. The expected pattern is as follows:

*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Algorithm

To solve this problem, we can use a nested loop structure in the program. The outer loop is responsible for iterating over the rows, and the inner loop prints the asterisks (*) and spaces for each row.

1. Start the outer loop from 0 and iterate up to width-1 to print the top half of the diamond.
2. Inside the outer loop, start the inner loop from 0 and iterate up to the current row (i) to print the asterisks (*) and spaces.
3. For each iteration, check if the current column (j) is the first column (j == 0) or the last column (j == i). If it is, print an asterisk (*); otherwise, print a space.
4. After completing the inner loop, print a new line to move to the next row.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 for the bottom half of the diamond. Start the outer loop from width-2 and iterate down to 0.
6. End the program.

Pseudocode

printPattern(width):
    Print "Given width: width"
    // Top half of the diamond
    for i = 0 to width-1:
        for j = 0 to i:
            if j = 0 or j = i:
                Print "*"
            else:
                Print " "
        Print new line
    
    // Bottom half of the diamond
    for i = width-2 down to 0:
        for j = 0 to i:
            if j = 0 or j = i:
                Print "*"
            else:
                Print " "
        Print new line

main():
    Call printPattern(5)
    Call printPattern(8)

Code Solution

//  C program for
//  Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
#include <stdio.h>

void printPattern(int width)
{
	printf("\nGiven width : %d \n", width);
	// Top half 
	for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
		{
			if (j == 0 || j == i)
			{
				printf("*");
			}
			else
			{
				printf(" ");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	// Bottom half 
	for (int i = width - 2; i >= 0; --i)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
		{
			if (j == 0 || j == i)
			{
				printf("*");
			}
			else
			{
				printf(" ");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}
int main(int argc, char
	const *argv[])
{
	// Test
	printPattern(5);
	printPattern(8);
	return 0;
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
/*
    Java Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
public class Pattern
{
	public void printPattern(int width)
	{
		System.out.println("\nGiven width : " + width);
		// Top half 
		for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					System.out.print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.print(" ");
				}
			}
			System.out.print("\n");
		}
		// Bottom half 
		for (int i = width - 2; i >= 0; --i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					System.out.print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.print(" ");
				}
			}
			System.out.print("\n");
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Pattern task = new Pattern();
		// Test
		task.printPattern(5);
		task.printPattern(8);
	}
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
// Include header file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/*
    C++ Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern
{
	public: void printPattern(int width)
	{
		cout << "\nGiven width : " << width << endl;
		// Top half 
		for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					cout << "*";
				}
				else
				{
					cout << " ";
				}
			}
			cout << "\n";
		}
		// Bottom half 
		for (int i = width - 2; i >= 0; --i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					cout << "*";
				}
				else
				{
					cout << " ";
				}
			}
			cout << "\n";
		}
	}
};
int main()
{
	Pattern *task = new Pattern();
	// Test
	task->printPattern(5);
	task->printPattern(8);
	return 0;
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
// Include namespace system
using System;
/*
    Csharp Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
public class Pattern
{
	public void printPattern(int width)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("\nGiven width : " + width);
		// Top half 
		for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					Console.Write("*");
				}
				else
				{
					Console.Write(" ");
				}
			}
			Console.Write("\n");
		}
		// Bottom half 
		for (int i = width - 2; i >= 0; --i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					Console.Write("*");
				}
				else
				{
					Console.Write(" ");
				}
			}
			Console.Write("\n");
		}
	}
	public static void Main(String[] args)
	{
		Pattern task = new Pattern();
		// Test
		task.printPattern(5);
		task.printPattern(8);
	}
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
package main
import "fmt"
/*
    Go Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
type Pattern struct {}
func getPattern() * Pattern {
	var me *Pattern = &Pattern {}
	return me
}
func(this Pattern) printPattern(width int) {
	fmt.Println("\nGiven width : ", width)
	// Top half 
	for i := 0 ; i < width ; i++ {
		for j := 0 ; j <= i ; j++ {
			if j == 0 || j == i {
				fmt.Print("*")
			} else {
				fmt.Print(" ")
			}
		}
		fmt.Print("\n")
	}
	// Bottom half 
	for i := width - 2 ; i >= 0 ; i-- {
		for j := 0 ; j <= i ; j++ {
			if j == 0 || j == i {
				fmt.Print("*")
			} else {
				fmt.Print(" ")
			}
		}
		fmt.Print("\n")
	}
}
func main() {
	var task * Pattern = getPattern()
	// Test
	task.printPattern(5)
	task.printPattern(8)
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
<?php
/*
    Php Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern
{
	public	function printPattern($width)
	{
		echo("\nGiven width : ".$width."\n");
		// Top half 
		for ($i = 0; $i < $width; ++$i)
		{
			for ($j = 0; $j <= $i; ++$j)
			{
				if ($j == 0 || $j == $i)
				{
					echo("*");
				}
				else
				{
					echo(" ");
				}
			}
			echo("\n");
		}
		// Bottom half 
		for ($i = $width - 2; $i >= 0; --$i)
		{
			for ($j = 0; $j <= $i; ++$j)
			{
				if ($j == 0 || $j == $i)
				{
					echo("*");
				}
				else
				{
					echo(" ");
				}
			}
			echo("\n");
		}
	}
}

function main()
{
	$task = new Pattern();
	// Test
	$task->printPattern(5);
	$task->printPattern(8);
}
main();

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
/*
    Node JS Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern
{
	printPattern(width)
	{
		console.log("\nGiven width : " + width);
		// Top half 
		for (var i = 0; i < width; ++i)
		{
			for (var j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					process.stdout.write("*");
				}
				else
				{
					process.stdout.write(" ");
				}
			}
			process.stdout.write("\n");
		}
		// Bottom half 
		for (var i = width - 2; i >= 0; --i)
		{
			for (var j = 0; j <= i; ++j)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					process.stdout.write("*");
				}
				else
				{
					process.stdout.write(" ");
				}
			}
			process.stdout.write("\n");
		}
	}
}

function main()
{
	var task = new Pattern();
	// Test
	task.printPattern(5);
	task.printPattern(8);
}
main();

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
#    Python 3 Program
#    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
class Pattern :
	def printPattern(self, width) :
		print("\nGiven width : ", width)
		i = 0
		#  Top half 
		while (i < width) :
			j = 0
			while (j <= i) :
				if (j == 0 or j == i) :
					print("*", end = "")
				else :
					print(" ", end = "")
				
				j += 1
			
			print(end = "\n")
			i += 1
		
		i = width - 2
		#  Bottom half 
		while (i >= 0) :
			j = 0
			while (j <= i) :
				if (j == 0 or j == i) :
					print("*", end = "")
				else :
					print(" ", end = "")
				
				j += 1
			
			print(end = "\n")
			i -= 1
		
	

def main() :
	task = Pattern()
	#  Test
	task.printPattern(5)
	task.printPattern(8)

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Output

Given width :  5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width :  8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
#    Ruby Program
#    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
class Pattern 
	def printPattern(width) 
		print("\nGiven width : ", width, "\n")
		i = 0
		#  Top half 
		while (i < width) 
			j = 0
			while (j <= i) 
				if (j == 0 || j == i) 
					print("*")
				else
 
					print(" ")
				end

				j += 1
			end

			print("\n")
			i += 1
		end

		i = width - 2
		#  Bottom half 
		while (i >= 0) 
			j = 0
			while (j <= i) 
				if (j == 0 || j == i) 
					print("*")
				else
 
					print(" ")
				end

				j += 1
			end

			print("\n")
			i -= 1
		end

	end

end

def main() 
	task = Pattern.new()
	#  Test
	task.printPattern(5)
	task.printPattern(8)
end

main()

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
/*
    Scala Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern()
{
	def printPattern(width: Int): Unit = {
		println("\nGiven width : " + width);
		var i: Int = 0;
		// Top half 
		while (i < width)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print("\n");
			i += 1;
		}
		i = width - 2;
		// Bottom half 
		while (i >= 0)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print("\n");
			i -= 1;
		}
	}
}
object Main
{
	def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
		var task: Pattern = new Pattern();
		// Test
		task.printPattern(5);
		task.printPattern(8);
	}
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
/*
    Swift 4 Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern
{
	func printPattern(_ width: Int)
	{
		print("\nGiven width : ", width);
		var i: Int = 0;
		// Top half 
		while (i < width)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*", terminator: "");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ", terminator: "");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print(terminator: "\n");
			i += 1;
		}
		i = width - 2;
		// Bottom half 
		while (i >= 0)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*", terminator: "");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ", terminator: "");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print(terminator: "\n");
			i -= 1;
		}
	}
}
func main()
{
	let task: Pattern = Pattern();
	// Test
	task.printPattern(5);
	task.printPattern(8);
}
main();

Output

Given width :  5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width :  8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*
/*
    Kotlin Program
    Print hollow half diamond hash pattern
*/
class Pattern
{
	fun printPattern(width: Int): Unit
	{
		println("\nGiven width : " + width);
		var i: Int = 0;
		// Top half 
		while (i < width)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print("\n");
			i += 1;
		}
		i = width - 2;
		// Bottom half 
		while (i >= 0)
		{
			var j: Int = 0;
			while (j <= i)
			{
				if (j == 0 || j == i)
				{
					print("*");
				}
				else
				{
					print(" ");
				}
				j += 1;
			}
			print("\n");
			i -= 1;
		}
	}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
	val task: Pattern = Pattern();
	// Test
	task.printPattern(5);
	task.printPattern(8);
}

Output

Given width : 5
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Given width : 8
*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Resultant Output Explanation

Given width: 5 The pattern is printed in the following manner:

*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Each row of the pattern starts and ends with an asterisk (*) while the spaces in between create a hollow effect. The top half of the diamond is printed first, followed by the bottom half.

Given width: 8 The pattern is printed as follows:

*
**
* *
*  *
*   *
*    *
*     *
*      *
*     *
*    *
*   *
*  *
* *
**
*

Similarly, each row begins and ends with an asterisk (*), forming a diamond shape with hollow spaces. The top half is printed first, then the bottom half.

Time Complexity

The time complexity of this program is O(n^2), where n is the width of the pattern. This is because we have two nested loops that iterate from 0 to n-1, resulting in a quadratic time complexity.





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