Octagonal number
Octagonal numbers are a type of figurate numbers that can be visualized as dots arranged in the shape of an octagon. Each octagonal number represents the number of dots that can be used to form an octagon with a particular number of sides. They are a subset of polygonal numbers, which are numbers that can be represented as dots arranged in regular polygons. Octagonal numbers have a pattern that can be described mathematically, making them an interesting subject for exploration.
Problem Statement
The task is to write a C program to print the first 'k' octagonal numbers, where 'k' is a given input. The octagonal numbers can be calculated using the formula: 3n^2 - 2n, where 'n' is the position of the octagonal number in the sequence (1-indexed).
Example
Let's take an example to better understand the problem. Suppose 'k' is given as 10. We need to find the first 10 octagonal numbers.
Algorithm
-
Start with the given value of 'k', which represents the number of octagonal numbers to be printed.
-
Create a function called 'octagonalNo' that takes 'k' as an argument.
-
Inside the 'octagonalNo' function, use a loop to iterate from 'n' = 1 to 'n' = 'k'.
-
For each value of 'n', calculate the nth octagonal number using the formula: 'result = 3n^2 - 2n'.
-
Print the calculated octagonal number 'result'.
-
Repeat steps 4-5 for all values of 'n' from 1 to 'k'.
Pseudocode
Function octagonalNo(k):
for n from 1 to k:
result = 3 * n^2 - 2 * n
print result
Code Solution
Here given code implementation process.
// C Program for
// Octagonal number
#include <stdio.h>
void octagonalNo(int k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for (int n = 1; n <= k; ++n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
int result = (3 *(n *n) - 2 *n);
// Display calculated result
printf(" %d", result);
}
}
int main()
{
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
octagonalNo(10);
return 0;
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Java program for
// Octagonal number
public class OctagonalNumber
{
public void octagonalNo(int k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for (int n = 1; n <= k; ++n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
int result = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
System.out.print(" " + result);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
OctagonalNumber task = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Include header file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// C++ program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
{
public: void octagonalNo(int k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for (int n = 1; n <= k; ++n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
int result = (3 *(n *n) - 2 *n);
// Display calculated result
cout << " " << result;
}
}
};
int main()
{
OctagonalNumber *task = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task->octagonalNo(10);
return 0;
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Include namespace system
using System;
// Csharp program for
// Octagonal number
public class OctagonalNumber
{
public void octagonalNo(int k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for (int n = 1; n <= k; ++n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
int result = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
Console.Write(" " + result);
}
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
OctagonalNumber task = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280package main
import "fmt"
// Go program for
// Octagonal number
func octagonalNo(k int) {
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for n := 1 ; n <= k ; n++ {
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
var result int = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n)
// Display calculated result
fmt.Print(" ", result)
}
}
func main() {
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
octagonalNo(10)
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280<?php
// Php program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
{
public function octagonalNo($k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for ($n = 1; $n <= $k; ++$n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
$result = (3 * ($n * $n) - 2 * $n);
// Display calculated result
echo(" ".$result);
}
}
}
function main()
{
$task = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
$task->octagonalNo(10);
}
main();Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Node JS program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
{
octagonalNo(k)
{
// Print all initial k octagonal number
for (var n = 1; n <= k; ++n)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
var result = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
process.stdout.write(" " + result);
}
}
}
function main()
{
var task = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}
main();Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280# Python 3 program for
# Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber :
def octagonalNo(self, k) :
n = 1
# Print all initial k octagonal number
while (n <= k) :
# Formula
# (3n²-2n)
# Calculate nth octagonal number
result = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n)
# Display calculated result
print(" ", result, end = "")
n += 1
def main() :
task = OctagonalNumber()
# Octagonal number are
# —————————————————————————————————————————————
# 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
# 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
# 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
# 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
# 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
# k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10)
if __name__ == "__main__": main()Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280# Ruby program for
# Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
def octagonalNo(k)
n = 1
# Print all initial k octagonal number
while (n <= k)
# Formula
# (3n²-2n)
# Calculate nth octagonal number
result = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n)
# Display calculated result
print(" ", result)
n += 1
end
end
end
def main()
task = OctagonalNumber.new()
# Octagonal number are
# —————————————————————————————————————————————
# 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
# 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
# 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
# 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
# 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
# k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10)
end
main()Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Scala program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber()
{
def octagonalNo(k: Int): Unit = {
var n: Int = 1;
// Print all initial k octagonal number
while (n <= k)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
var result: Int = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
print(" " + result);
n += 1;
}
}
}
object Main
{
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
var task: OctagonalNumber = new OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Swift 4 program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
{
func octagonalNo(_ k: Int)
{
var n: Int = 1;
// Print all initial k octagonal number
while (n <= k)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
let result: Int = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
print(" ", result, terminator: "");
n += 1;
}
}
}
func main()
{
let task: OctagonalNumber = OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}
main();Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280// Kotlin program for
// Octagonal number
class OctagonalNumber
{
fun octagonalNo(k: Int): Unit
{
var n: Int = 1;
// Print all initial k octagonal number
while (n <= k)
{
// Formula
// (3n²-2n)
// Calculate nth octagonal number
val result: Int = (3 * (n * n) - 2 * n);
// Display calculated result
print(" " + result);
n += 1;
}
}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
val task: OctagonalNumber = OctagonalNumber();
// Octagonal number are
// —————————————————————————————————————————————
// 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, 280,
// 341, 408, 481, 560, 645, 736, 833, 936, 1045, 1160,
// 1281, 1408, 1541, 1680, 1825, 1976, 2133, 2296, 2465,
// 2640, 2821, 3008, 3201, 3400, 3605, 3816, 4033,
// 4256, 4485, 4720 etc.
// k = 10
task.octagonalNo(10);
}Output
1 8 21 40 65 96 133 176 225 280Resultant Output Explanation
When we run the provided C code with 'k' = 10, it prints the first 10 octagonal numbers: 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, 225, and 280.
Time Complexity
Let's analyze the time complexity of the given code. The octagonalNo function contains a loop that
iterates 'k' times. Inside the loop, each iteration involves simple arithmetic operations to calculate the
octagonal number. The time complexity of these operations is constant, O(1).
Therefore, the overall time complexity of the octagonalNo function is O(k), where 'k' is the number
of octagonal numbers to be printed. In the provided code, 'k' is set to 10, so the time complexity is O(10),
which simplifies to O(1).
The time complexity of the entire program is linear o(k) with respect to the input 'k', as the number of iterations in the loop directly depends on 'k'.
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