Java math Package

The java.math package in Java provides classes for performing arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic and arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic. The package includes the following classes:

1. BigInteger - This class provides operations for arithmetic on large integers. It allows you to perform operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modular arithmetic on integers of any size.

2. BigDecimal - This class provides operations for arithmetic on decimal numbers with arbitrary precision. It allows you to perform operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and rounding on decimal numbers of any precision.

3. MathContext - This class provides a way to specify the precision and rounding mode for arithmetic operations performed with BigDecimal.

4. RoundingMode - This class provides constants for specifying the rounding mode used by arithmetic operations performed with BigDecimal.

5. ArithmeticException - This exception is thrown when an arithmetic operation fails due to an overflow, underflow, or other error.

The java.math package is useful in situations where precise calculations are required and floating-point arithmetic is not accurate enough. It is commonly used in financial applications, scientific computing, and cryptography.