Posted on by Kalkicode
Code Binary Search Tree

Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST

Find Inorder predecessor and successor in BST

Here given code implementation process.

//C Program 
//Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//structure of Binary Search Tree node
struct Node
{
  int data;
  struct Node *left,*right; 
};

//Adding a new node in binary search tree
void add( struct Node **root, int data)
{
  //Create a dynamic node of binary search tree 
  struct Node *new_node = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node ));

  if(new_node!=NULL)
  {
    //Set data and pointer values
    new_node->data = data;
    new_node->left = NULL; //Initially node left-pointer is NULL
    new_node->right = NULL;//Initially node right-pointer is NULL

    if(*root == NULL)
    {
      //When adds a first node in binary tree
      *root = new_node;
    }
    else
    {
      struct Node *find = *root;
      //iterate binary tree and add new node to proper position
      while(find != NULL)
      {
        if(find -> data > data)
        { 
          if(find->left==NULL)
          {
            find->left = new_node;
            break;
          }
          else
          { //visit left sub-tree
            find = find->left;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          if(find->right == NULL)
          {
            find->right = new_node;
            break;
          }
          else
          {
            //visit right sub-tree
            find = find->right;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }else
  {
    printf("Memory Overflow\n");
    exit(0); //Terminate program execution
  }

}
void find_element(struct Node*root,
  struct Node*left_p,
  struct Node*right_p,
  int element)
{
  
  if(root!=NULL)
  {
  
    find_element(root->left,left_p,root,element);

    find_element(root->right,root,right_p,element);

    //Predecessor Condition
    if(root->right == NULL && right_p != NULL && (right_p->data == element))
    {
      printf("Predecessor : %d ",root->data );
    }

    else if(root->left == NULL && left_p!=NULL && root->data == element)
    {
      printf("Predecessor : %d ",left_p->data );
    }
    else if(root->left == NULL && root->data == element && left_p == NULL)
    {
      printf("Predecessor : NULL ");
    }

    //Successor Condition
    if(root->left == NULL && left_p != NULL && left_p->data == element)
    {
      printf("Successor : %d ",root->data );
    }
    else if(root->right == NULL && right_p != NULL && root->data == element)
    {
      printf("Successor : %d ",right_p->data );
    }
    else if(root->right == NULL && right_p == NULL && root->data == element)
    {
      printf("Successor : NULL " );
    }
  }
 
 
}
void successor_predecessor(struct Node*root,int element)
{
  if(root != NULL)
  {
    
   struct Node*prev=NULL; 
   printf("\nNode : %d => ", element);
   find_element(root,NULL,NULL,element);
   
  }
}

int main(){
    
  struct Node*root = NULL;

  //Add nodes in binary search tree
  /*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */                


  add(&root,6); 
  add(&root,3); 
  add(&root,9); 
  add(&root,1); 
  add(&root,5); 
  add(&root,7); 
  add(&root,8); 
  add(&root,11); 
  add(&root,-3); 
  add(&root,2); 
  
  add(&root,12);
  add(&root,4);  

  successor_predecessor(root,3);
  successor_predecessor(root,6);
  successor_predecessor(root,12);
  successor_predecessor(root,7);
  successor_predecessor(root,-3);
  successor_predecessor(root,1);
    
  return 0;
}

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
/*
 C++ Program
Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
*/

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
class Node {
public:
  int data;
  Node *left;
  Node *right;
  Node(int value) {
    this->data = value;
    this->left = NULL;
    this->right = NULL;
  }
};
class BinarySearchTree {
public:
  Node *root;
  BinarySearchTree() {
    this->root = NULL;
  }
  void add(int value) {
    Node *new_node = new Node(value);
    if (new_node != NULL) {
      if (this->root == NULL) {
        this->root = new_node;
      } else {
        Node *find = this->root;
        while (find != NULL) {
          if (find->data >= value) {
            if (find->left == NULL) {
              find->left = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              find = find->left;
            }
          } else {
            if (find->right == NULL) {
              find->right = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              find = find->right;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      cout << "\nMemory Overflow\n";
    }
  }
  void find_element(Node *head, Node *left_p, Node *right_p, int element) {
    if (head != NULL) {
      this->find_element(head->left, left_p, head, element);
      this->find_element(head->right, head, right_p, element);
      if (head->right == NULL && right_p != NULL && (right_p->data == element)) {
        cout << " Predecessor : " << head->data;
      } else
      if (head->left == NULL && left_p != NULL && head->data == element) {
        cout << " Predecessor :  " << left_p->data;
      } else
      if (head->left == NULL && head->data == element && left_p == NULL) {
        cout << " Predecessor : NULL ";
      }
      if (head->left == NULL && left_p != NULL && left_p->data == element) {
        cout << " Successor : " << head->data;
      } else
      if (head->right == NULL && right_p != NULL && head->data == element) {
        cout << " Successor :  " << right_p->data;
      } else
      if (head->right == NULL && right_p == NULL && head->data == element) {
        cout << " Successor : NULL ";
      }
    }
  }
  void successor_predecessor(int element) {
    if (this->root != NULL) {
      cout << "\nNode : " << element << " => ";
      this->find_element(this->root, NULL, NULL, element);
    }
  }
};

int main() {
  BinarySearchTree obj ;
    /*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */    
  obj.add(6);
  obj.add(3);
  obj.add(9);
  obj.add(1);
  obj.add(5);
  obj.add(7);
  obj.add(8);
  obj.add(11);
  obj.add(-3);
  obj.add(2);
  obj.add(12);
  obj.add(4);
  obj.successor_predecessor(3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(6);
  obj.successor_predecessor(12);
  obj.successor_predecessor(7);
  obj.successor_predecessor(-3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(1);
  return 0;
}

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
//Java program
//Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST

class Node {
  public int data;
  public Node left;
  public Node right;

  public Node(int value) {
    data = value;
    left = null;
    right = null;
  }
}
public class BinarySearchTree {


  public Node root;

  BinarySearchTree() {
    root = null;

  }
  //insert a node in BST
  public void add(int value) {
    //Create a dynamic node of binary search tree 
    Node new_node = new Node(value);

    if (new_node != null) {
      if (root == null) {
        //When adds a first node in binary tree
        root = new_node;
      } else {
        Node find = root;

        //add new node to proper position
        while (find != null) {
          if (find.data >= value) {
            if (find.left == null) {
              find.left = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              //visit left sub-tree
              find = find.left;
            }
          } else {
            if (find.right == null) {
              find.right = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              //visit right sub-tree
              find = find.right;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      System.out.print("\nMemory Overflow\n");
    }
  }
  public void  find_element(Node head,
    Node left_p,
    Node right_p,
    int element)
  {
    
    if(head!=null)
    {
    
      find_element(head.left,left_p,head,element);

      find_element(head.right,head,right_p,element);

      //Predecessor Condition
      if(head.right == null && right_p != null && (right_p.data == element))
      {
        System.out.print(" Predecessor : "+head.data );
      }

      else if(head.left == null && left_p!=null && head.data == element)
      {
        System.out.print(" Predecessor :  "+left_p.data );
      }
      else if(head.left == null && head.data == element && left_p == null)
      {
        System.out.print(" Predecessor : NULL ");
      }

      //Successor Condition
      if(head.left == null && left_p != null && left_p.data == element)
      {
        System.out.print(" Successor : "+head.data );
      }
      else if(head.right == null && right_p != null && head.data == element)
      {
        System.out.print(" Successor :  "+right_p.data );
      }
      else if(head.right == null && right_p == null && head.data == element)
      {
        System.out.print(" Successor : NULL " );
      }
    }
   
   
  }
  public void  successor_predecessor(int element)
  {
    if(root != null)
    {
      
     System.out.print("\nNode : "+element+" => ");
     find_element(root,null,null,element);
     
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {

    BinarySearchTree obj = new BinarySearchTree();
    //Add nodes in binary search tree
  /*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */                


  obj.add(6); 
  obj.add(3); 
  obj.add(9); 
  obj.add(1); 
  obj.add(5); 
  obj.add(7); 
  obj.add(8); 
  obj.add(11); 
  obj.add(-3); 
  obj.add(2); 
  
  obj.add(12);
  obj.add(4);  

  obj.successor_predecessor(3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(6);
  obj.successor_predecessor(12);
  obj.successor_predecessor(7);
  obj.successor_predecessor(-3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(1);
    

  }
}

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
//C# program
//Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
using System;
public class Node {
	public int data;
	public Node left;
	public Node right;

	public Node(int value) {
		data = value;
		left = null;
		right = null;
	}
}
public class BinarySearchTree {


	public Node root;

	BinarySearchTree() {
		root = null;

	}
	//insert a node in BST
	public void add(int value) {
		//Create a dynamic node of binary search tree 
		Node new_node = new Node(value);

		if (new_node != null) {
			if (root == null) {
				//When adds a first node in binary tree
				root = new_node;
			} else {
				Node find = root;

				//add new node to proper position
				while (find != null) {
					if (find.data >= value) {
						if (find.left == null) {
							find.left = new_node;
							break;
						} else {
							//visit left sub-tree
							find = find.left;
						}
					} else {
						if (find.right == null) {
							find.right = new_node;
							break;
						} else {
							//visit right sub-tree
							find = find.right;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			Console.Write("\nMemory Overflow\n");
		}
	}
	public void  find_element(Node head,
		Node left_p,
		Node right_p,
		int element)
	{

		if(head!=null)
		{

			find_element(head.left,left_p,head,element);

			find_element(head.right,head,right_p,element);

			//Predecessor Condition
			if(head.right == null && right_p != null && (right_p.data == element))
			{
				Console.Write(" Predecessor : "+head.data );
			}

			else if(head.left == null && left_p!=null && head.data == element)
			{
				Console.Write(" Predecessor :  "+left_p.data );
			}
			else if(head.left == null && head.data == element && left_p == null)
			{
				Console.Write(" Predecessor : NULL ");
			}

			//Successor Condition
			if(head.left == null && left_p != null && left_p.data == element)
			{
				Console.Write(" Successor : "+head.data );
			}
			else if(head.right == null && right_p != null && head.data == element)
			{
				Console.Write(" Successor :  "+right_p.data );
			}
			else if(head.right == null && right_p == null && head.data == element)
			{
				Console.Write(" Successor : NULL " );
			}
		}


	}
	public void  successor_predecessor(int element)
	{
		if(root != null)
		{

			Console.Write("\nNode : "+element+" => ");
			find_element(root,null,null,element);

		}
	}
	public static void Main(String[] args) {

		BinarySearchTree obj = new BinarySearchTree();
		//Add nodes in binary search tree
		/*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */                


		obj.add(6); 
		obj.add(3); 
		obj.add(9); 
		obj.add(1); 
		obj.add(5); 
		obj.add(7); 
		obj.add(8); 
		obj.add(11); 
		obj.add(-3); 
		obj.add(2); 

		obj.add(12);
		obj.add(4);  

		obj.successor_predecessor(3);
		obj.successor_predecessor(6);
		obj.successor_predecessor(12);
		obj.successor_predecessor(7);
		obj.successor_predecessor(-3);
		obj.successor_predecessor(1);


	}
}

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
# Python 3 Program
# Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST

class Node :

  def __init__(self, value) :
    self.data = value
    self.left = None
    self.right = None
  

class BinarySearchTree :
  
  def __init__(self) :
    self.root = None
  
  def add(self, value) :
    new_node = Node(value)
    if (new_node != None) :
      if (self.root == None) :
        self.root = new_node
      else :
        find = self.root
        while (find != None) :
          if (find.data >= value) :
            if (find.left == None) :
              find.left = new_node
              break
            else :
              find = find.left
            
          else :
            if (find.right == None) :
              find.right = new_node
              break
            else :
              find = find.right
            
          
        
      
    else :
      print("\nMemory Overflow\n")
    
  
  def find_element(self, head, left_p, right_p, element) :
    if (head != None) :
      self.find_element(head.left, left_p, head, element)
      self.find_element(head.right, head, right_p, element)
      if (head.right == None and right_p != None and(right_p.data == element)) :
        print(" Predecessor : ", head.data,end=" ")
      elif (head.left == None and left_p != None and head.data == element) :
        print(" Predecessor :  ", left_p.data,end=" ")
      elif (head.left == None and head.data == element and left_p == None) :
        print(" Predecessor : NULL ",end=" ")
      
      if (head.left == None and left_p != None and left_p.data == element) :
        print(" Successor : ", head.data,end=" ")
      elif (head.right == None and right_p != None and head.data == element) :
        print(" Successor :  ", right_p.data,end=" ")
      elif (head.right == None and right_p == None and head.data == element) :
        print(" Successor : NULL ",end=" ")
      
    
  
  def successor_predecessor(self, element) :
    if (self.root != None) :
      print("\nNode : ", element ," => ",end=" ")
      self.find_element(self.root, None, None, element)
    
  
def main() :
  obj = BinarySearchTree()
  #
  #              6
  #            /    \
  #           /      \
  #          3        9
  #         /  \      / \
  #        1    5    7   11
  #       / \   /     \    \
  #     -3  2  4       8   12
  #  
  obj.add(6)
  obj.add(3)
  obj.add(9)
  obj.add(1)
  obj.add(5)
  obj.add(7)
  obj.add(8)
  obj.add(11)
  obj.add(-3)
  obj.add(2)
  obj.add(12)
  obj.add(4)
  obj.successor_predecessor(3)
  obj.successor_predecessor(6)
  obj.successor_predecessor(12)
  obj.successor_predecessor(7)
  obj.successor_predecessor(-3)
  obj.successor_predecessor(1)
  

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main()

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
# Ruby Program
# Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST

class Node 
	attr_reader :data, :left, :right
	attr_accessor :data, :left, :right
	def initialize(value) 
		@data = value
		@left = nil
		@right = nil
	end
end

class BinarySearchTree 
	attr_reader :root
	attr_accessor :root
	def initialize() 
		@root = nil
	end
	def add(value) 
		new_node = Node.new(value)
		if (new_node != nil) 
			if (@root == nil) 
				@root = new_node
			else 
				find = @root
				while (find != nil) 
					if (find.data >= value) 
						if (find.left == nil) 
							find.left = new_node
							break
						else 
							find = find.left
						end
					else 
						if (find.right == nil) 
							find.right = new_node
							break
						else 
							find = find.right
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else 
			print("\nMemory Overflow\n")
		end
	end
	def find_element(head, left_p, right_p, element) 
		if (head != nil) 
			self.find_element(head.left, left_p, head, element)
			self.find_element(head.right, head, right_p, element)
			if (head.right == nil and right_p != nil and(right_p.data == element)) 
				print(" Predecessor  :", head.data)
			elsif (head.left == nil and left_p != nil and head.data == element) 
				print(" Predecessor  : ", left_p.data)
			elsif (head.left == nil and head.data == element and left_p == nil) 
				print(" Predecessor  :NULL ")
			end
			if (head.left == nil and left_p != nil and left_p.data == element) 
				print(" Successor  :", head.data)
			elsif (head.right == nil and right_p != nil and head.data == element) 
				print(" Successor  : ", right_p.data)
			elsif (head.right == nil and right_p == nil and head.data == element) 
				print(" Successor  :NULL ")
			end
		end
	end
	def successor_predecessor(element) 
		if (@root != nil) 
			print("\nNode  :", element ," => ")
			self.find_element(@root, nil, nil, element)
		end
	end
end
def main() 
	obj = BinarySearchTree.new()
	#
	#              6
	#            /    \
	#           /      \
	#          3        9
	#         /  \      / \
	#        1    5    7   11
	#       / \   /     \    \
	#     -3  2  4       8   12
	#  
	obj.add(6)
	obj.add(3)
	obj.add(9)
	obj.add(1)
	obj.add(5)
	obj.add(7)
	obj.add(8)
	obj.add(11)
	obj.add(-3)
	obj.add(2)
	obj.add(12)
	obj.add(4)
	obj.successor_predecessor(3)
	obj.successor_predecessor(6)
	obj.successor_predecessor(12)
	obj.successor_predecessor(7)
	obj.successor_predecessor(-3)
	obj.successor_predecessor(1)
end


main()

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
<?php
/*
 Php Program
Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
*/

class Node {
  public $data;
  public $left;
  public $right;

  function __construct($value) {
    $this->data = $value;
    $this->left = null;
    $this->right = null;
  }
}
class BinarySearchTree {
  public $root;

  function __construct() {
    $this->root = null;
  }
  public  function add($value) {
    $new_node = new Node($value);
    if ($new_node != null) {
      if ($this->root == null) {
        $this->root = $new_node;
      } else {
        $find = $this->root;
        while ($find != null) {
          if ($find->data >= $value) {
            if ($find->left == null) {
              $find->left = $new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              $find = $find->left;
            }
          } else {
            if ($find->right == null) {
              $find->right = $new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              $find = $find->right;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      echo("\nMemory Overflow\n");
    }
  }
  public  function find_element($head, $left_p, $right_p, $element) {
    if ($head != null) {
      $this->find_element($head->left, $left_p, $head, $element);
      $this->find_element($head->right, $head, $right_p, $element);
      if ($head->right == null && $right_p != null && ($right_p->data == $element)) {
        echo(" Predecessor : ". $head->data);
      } else
      if ($head->left == null && $left_p != null && $head->data == $element) {
        echo(" Predecessor :  ". $left_p->data);
      } else
      if ($head->left == null && $head->data == $element && $left_p == null) {
        echo(" Predecessor : NULL ");
      }
      if ($head->left == null && $left_p != null && $left_p->data == $element) {
        echo(" Successor : ". $head->data);
      } else
      if ($head->right == null && $right_p != null && $head->data == $element) {
        echo(" Successor :  ". $right_p->data);
      } else
      if ($head->right == null && $right_p == null && $head->data == $element) {
        echo(" Successor : NULL ");
      }
    }
  }
  public  function successor_predecessor($element) {
    if ($this->root != null) {
      echo("\nNode : ". $element ." => ");
      $this->find_element($this->root, null, null, $element);
    }
  }
}
function main() {
  $obj = new BinarySearchTree();
    /*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */    
  $obj->add(6);
  $obj->add(3);
  $obj->add(9);
  $obj->add(1);
  $obj->add(5);
  $obj->add(7);
  $obj->add(8);
  $obj->add(11);
  $obj->add(-3);
  $obj->add(2);
  $obj->add(12);
  $obj->add(4);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(3);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(6);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(12);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(7);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(-3);
  $obj->successor_predecessor(1);
}

main();

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
/*
 Node Js Program
Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
*/

class Node {

	constructor(value) {
		this.data = value;
		this.left = null;
		this.right = null;
	}
}
class BinarySearchTree {

	constructor() {
		this.root = null;
	}
	add(value) {
		var new_node = new Node(value);
		if (new_node != null) {
			if (this.root == null) {
				this.root = new_node;
			} else {
				var find = this.root;
				while (find != null) {
					if (find.data >= value) {
						if (find.left == null) {
							find.left = new_node;
							break;
						} else {
							find = find.left;
						}
					} else {
						if (find.right == null) {
							find.right = new_node;
							break;
						} else {
							find = find.right;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			process.stdout.write("\nMemory Overflow\n");
		}
	}
	find_element(head, left_p, right_p, element) {
		if (head != null) {
			this.find_element(head.left, left_p, head, element);
			this.find_element(head.right, head, right_p, element);
			if (head.right == null && right_p != null && (right_p.data == element)) {
				process.stdout.write(" Predecessor : " + head.data);
			} else
			if (head.left == null && left_p != null && head.data == element) {
				process.stdout.write(" Predecessor :  " + left_p.data);
			} else
			if (head.left == null && head.data == element && left_p == null) {
				process.stdout.write(" Predecessor : NULL ");
			}
			if (head.left == null && left_p != null && left_p.data == element) {
				process.stdout.write(" Successor : " + head.data);
			} else
			if (head.right == null && right_p != null && head.data == element) {
				process.stdout.write(" Successor :  " + right_p.data);
			} else
			if (head.right == null && right_p == null && head.data == element) {
				process.stdout.write(" Successor : NULL ");
			}
		}
	}
	successor_predecessor(element) {
		if (this.root != null) {
			process.stdout.write("\nNode : " + element + " => ");
			this.find_element(this.root, null, null, element);
		}
	}
}

function main() {
	var obj = new BinarySearchTree();
	/*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


	*/    
	obj.add(6);
	obj.add(3);
	obj.add(9);
	obj.add(1);
	obj.add(5);
	obj.add(7);
	obj.add(8);
	obj.add(11);
	obj.add(-3);
	obj.add(2);
	obj.add(12);
	obj.add(4);
	obj.successor_predecessor(3);
	obj.successor_predecessor(6);
	obj.successor_predecessor(12);
	obj.successor_predecessor(7);
	obj.successor_predecessor(-3);
	obj.successor_predecessor(1);
}


main();

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 
/*
 Swift 4 Program
Inorder predecessor and successor for a given key in BST
*/

class Node {
  var data: Int;
  var left: Node? ;
  var right: Node? ;
  init(_ value: Int) {
    self.data = value;
    self.left = nil;
    self.right = nil;
  }
}
class BinarySearchTree {
  var root: Node? ;
  init() {
    self.root = nil;
  }
  func add(_ value: Int) {
    let new_node: Node? = Node(value);
    if (new_node != nil) {
      if (self.root == nil) {
        self.root = new_node;
      } else {
        var find: Node? = self.root;
        while (find != nil) {
          if (find!.data >= value) {
            if (find!.left == nil) {
              find!.left = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              find = find!.left;
            }
          } else {
            if (find!.right == nil) {
              find!.right = new_node;
              break;
            } else {
              find = find!.right;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      print("\nMemory Overflow\n");
    }
  }
  func find_element(_ head: Node? , _ left_p : Node? , _ right_p : Node? , _ element : Int) {
    if (head != nil) {
      self.find_element(head!.left, left_p, head, element);
      self.find_element(head!.right, head, right_p, element);
      if (head!.right == nil && right_p != nil && (right_p!.data == element)) {
        print(" Predecessor : ", head!.data,terminator:"");
      } else
      if (head!.left == nil && left_p != nil && head!.data == element) {
        print(" Predecessor :  ", left_p!.data,terminator:"");
      } else
      if (head!.left == nil && head!.data == element && left_p == nil) {
        print(" Predecessor : NULL ",terminator:"");
      }
      if (head!.left == nil && left_p != nil && left_p!.data == element) {
        print(" Successor : ", head!.data,terminator:"");
      } else
      if (head!.right == nil && right_p != nil && head!.data == element) {
        print(" Successor :  ", right_p!.data,terminator:"");
      } else
      if (head!.right == nil && right_p == nil && head!.data == element) {
        print(" Successor : NULL ",terminator:"");
      }
    }
  }
  func successor_predecessor(_ element: Int) {
    if (self.root != nil) {
      print("\nNode : ", element ," => ",terminator:"");
      self.find_element(self.root, nil, nil, element);
    }
  }
}
func main() {
  let obj: BinarySearchTree = BinarySearchTree();
  /*
              6
            /    \
           /      \
          3        9
         /  \      / \
        1    5    7   11
       / \   /     \    \
     -3  2  4       8   12


  */   
   
  obj.add(6);
  obj.add(3);
  obj.add(9);
  obj.add(1);
  obj.add(5);
  obj.add(7);
  obj.add(8);
  obj.add(11);
  obj.add(-3);
  obj.add(2);
  obj.add(12);
  obj.add(4);
  obj.successor_predecessor(3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(6);
  obj.successor_predecessor(12);
  obj.successor_predecessor(7);
  obj.successor_predecessor(-3);
  obj.successor_predecessor(1);
}
main();

Output

Node : 3 => Predecessor : 2 Successor : 4 
Node : 6 => Predecessor : 5 Successor : 7 
Node : 12 => Predecessor : 11 Successor : NULL 
Node : 7 => Successor : 8 Predecessor : 6 
Node : -3 => Predecessor : NULL Successor : 1 
Node : 1 => Predecessor : -3 Successor : 2 

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