Extract leaves of a binary tree in a doubly linked list
The problem discussed in this article involves extracting the leaves of a binary tree and arranging them in a doubly linked list. A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure where each node has at most two children – a left child and a right child. The problem requires extracting the leaf nodes (nodes with no children) from the binary tree and transforming them into a doubly linked list.
Problem Statement
Given a binary tree, we need to extract the leaf nodes from it and arrange them in a doubly linked list. The order of nodes in the linked list should correspond to the pre-order traversal of the original tree.
Example
Let's consider an example to understand the problem. Given the following binary tree:
10
/ \
/ \
6 8
/ \ / \
2 3 7 5
/ \ \
9 -6 13
After extracting the leaf nodes, the pre-order traversal of the transformed tree will be: 10, 6, 2, 8, 7, 5. The extracted leaves will be arranged in a doubly linked list: 9, 3, -6, 13.
Idea to Solve
To solve this problem, we need to perform a pre-order traversal of the binary tree while extracting the leaf nodes. During the traversal, when we encounter a leaf node, we remove it from the tree and transform it into a doubly linked list node. We also adjust the links of the nodes accordingly.
Pseudocode
Here's the pseudocode that outlines the algorithm to extract leaves of a binary tree in a doubly linked list:
function extractLeaves(node):
if node is not null:
if node.left is null and node.right is null:
node.right = front
if front is not null:
front.left = node
front = node
return null
node.right = extractLeaves(node.right)
node.left = extractLeaves(node.left)
return node
Algorithm Explanation
- We start by defining a
front
pointer in theBinaryTree
class to keep track of the front of the doubly linked list. - The
extractLeaves
function takes anode
as input and operates recursively. - When a leaf node is encountered (both left and right children are null), we transform it into a doubly linked list node.
- We adjust the right and left pointers of the node to connect it with the previous and next nodes in the linked list.
- If the
front
pointer is not null (indicating a non-empty list), we also adjust the left pointer of the front node. - The function then returns null, indicating that the leaf node should be removed from the tree.
- During the recursion, we traverse the tree in a pre-order fashion.
- At the end of the algorithm, the binary tree will be modified, and the linked list of leaf nodes will be created.
Code Solution
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Time Complexity
- The algorithm involves a pre-order traversal of the binary tree.
- During the traversal, each node is processed once, and constant-time operations are performed to adjust the links.
- Therefore, the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree.
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