Construct Tree from given Inorder and Postorder
Constructing a tree from given inorder and postorder traversals is a common problem in computer science and data structures.
Inorder traversal of a binary tree means visiting its nodes in ascending order (if the tree stores elements in ascending order) and postorder traversal of a binary tree means visiting the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the root node.

To construct a tree from its inorder and postorder traversals, we can use the following steps:
The last element of the postorder traversal is always the root of the binary tree. We can create a new node with this value.
Find the index of the root element in the inorder traversal. All elements to the left of this index in the inorder traversal correspond to the left subtree of the root, and all elements to the right correspond to the right subtree.
Recursively construct the left subtree by using the elements to the left of the root index in the inorder traversal and the corresponding elements in the postorder traversal.
Recursively construct the right subtree by using the elements to the right of the root index in the inorder traversal and the corresponding elements in the postorder traversal.
Attach the left and right subtrees to the root node.
Return the root node.
By following these steps, we can construct a binary tree from its inorder and postorder traversals.
Program Solution
/*
C Program
Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//Binary Tree node
struct Node
{
int data;
struct Node *left, *right;
};
//This is creating a binary tree node and return new node
struct Node *get_node(int data)
{
// Create dynamic node
struct Node *new_node = (struct Node *) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
if (new_node != NULL)
{
//Set data and pointer values
new_node->data = data;
new_node->left = NULL;
new_node->right = NULL;
}
else
{
//This is indicates, segmentation fault or memory overflow problem
printf("Memory Overflow\n");
}
//return new node
return new_node;
}
//Display inorder elements
void print_inorder(struct Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
print_inorder(node->left);
//Print node value
printf(" %d", node->data);
print_inorder(node->right);
}
}
//Display pre order elements
void print_preorder(struct Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
//Print node value
printf(" %d", node->data);
print_preorder(node->left);
print_preorder(node->right);
}
}
//Display postorder elements
void print_postorder(struct Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
print_postorder(node->left);
print_postorder(node->right);
//Print node value
printf(" %d", node->data);
}
}
//Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
struct Node *construct_tree(int inorder[], int postorder[], int first, int last, int *location)
{
if ( *location < 0 || first > last)
{
return NULL;
}
struct Node *node = NULL;
for (int i = first; i <= last && node == NULL; ++i)
{
//Find node
if (postorder[ *location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = get_node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
*location = *location - 1;
//Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node->right = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last, location);
node->left = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1, location);
}
}
return node;
}
//handles the request of construct binary tree
struct Node *make_tree(int inorder[], int postorder[], int n1, int n2)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
//Invalid sequence
return NULL;
}
else
{
int location = n2 - 1;
return construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1, & location);
}
}
//Handles the request of display the element of tree
void print_tree(struct Node *root)
{
printf("\n Preorder : ");
print_preorder(root);
printf("\n Inorder : ");
print_inorder(root);
printf("\n Postorder : ");
print_postorder(root);
printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
/*
--------------
1
/ \
2 3
/ \ / \
4 5 9 7
----------------
*/
int inorder[] = {
4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 9 , 3 , 7
};
int postorder[] = {
4 , 5 , 2 , 9 , 7 , 3 , 1
};
// Get the size of arrays
int n1 = sizeof(inorder) / sizeof(inorder[0]);
int n2 = sizeof(postorder) / sizeof(postorder[0]);
struct Node *root = make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
print_tree(root);
return 0;
}
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
/*
Java Program
Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
*/
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
public int data;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data)
{
// Set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
//Define Binary Tree
public class BinaryTree
{
public Node root;
public int location;
public BinaryTree()
{
//Set root of tree
this.root = null;
this.location = 0;
}
//Display inorder elements
public void print_inorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
print_inorder(node.left);
//Print node value
System.out.print(" " + node.data);
print_inorder(node.right);
}
}
//Display pre order elements
public void print_preorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
//Print node value
System.out.print(" " + node.data);
print_preorder(node.left);
print_preorder(node.right);
}
}
//Display postorder elements
public void print_postorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
print_postorder(node.left);
print_postorder(node.right);
//Print node value
System.out.print(" " + node.data);
}
}
//Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
public Node construct_tree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int first, int last)
{
if (location < 0 || first > last)
{
return null;
}
Node node = null;
for (int i = first; i <= last && node == null; ++i)
{
//Find node
if (postorder[location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = new Node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
this.location = this.location - 1;
//Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node.left = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
}
return node;
}
//handles the request of construct binary tree
public void make_tree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int n1, int n2)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
//Invalid sequence
this.root = null;
}
else
{
this.location = n2 - 1;
this.root = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
//Handles the request of display the element of tree
public void print_tree()
{
if (this.root == null)
{
System.out.print("\n Empty Tree\n");
return;
}
System.out.print("\n Preorder : ");
print_preorder(root);
System.out.print("\n Inorder : ");
print_inorder(root);
System.out.print("\n Postorder : ");
print_postorder(root);
System.out.print("\n");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Create tree object
BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
/*
--------------
1
/ \
2 3
/ \ / \
4 5 9 7
----------------
*/
int[] inorder = {
4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 9 , 3 , 7
};
int[] postorder = {
4 , 5 , 2 , 9 , 7 , 3 , 1
};
// Get the size of arrays
int n1 = inorder.length;
int n2 = postorder.length;
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
}
}
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
// Include header file
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// C++ Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node *left;
Node *right;
Node(int data)
{
// Set node value
this->data = data;
this->left = NULL;
this->right = NULL;
}
};
// Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree
{
public:
Node *root;
int location;
BinaryTree()
{
// Set root of tree
this->root = NULL;
this->location = 0;
}
// Display inorder elements
void print_inorder(Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
this->print_inorder(node->left);
// Print node value
cout << " " << node->data;
this->print_inorder(node->right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
void print_preorder(Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
// Print node value
cout << " " << node->data;
this->print_preorder(node->left);
this->print_preorder(node->right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
void print_postorder(Node *node)
{
if (node != NULL)
{
this->print_postorder(node->left);
this->print_postorder(node->right);
// Print node value
cout << " " << node->data;
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
Node *construct_tree(int inorder[], int postorder[], int first, int last)
{
if (this->location < 0 || first > last)
{
return NULL;
}
Node *node = NULL;
for (int i = first; i <= last && node == NULL; ++i)
{
// Find node
if (postorder[this->location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = new Node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
this->location = this->location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node->right = this->construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node->left = this->construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
}
return node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
void make_tree(int inorder[], int postorder[], int n1, int n2)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
this->root = NULL;
}
else
{
this->location = n2 - 1;
this->root = this->construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
void print_tree()
{
if (this->root == NULL)
{
cout << "\n Empty Tree\n";
return;
}
cout << "\n Preorder : ";
this->print_preorder(this->root);
cout << "\n Inorder : ";
this->print_inorder(this->root);
cout << "\n Postorder : ";
this->print_postorder(this->root);
cout << "\n";
}
};
int main()
{
// Create tree object
BinaryTree tree = BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
//
//
int inorder[] = {
4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 9 , 3 , 7
};
int postorder[] = {
4 , 5 , 2 , 9 , 7 , 3 , 1
};
// Get the size of arrays
int n1 = sizeof(inorder) / sizeof(inorder[0]);
int n2 = sizeof(postorder) / sizeof(postorder[0]);
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
return 0;
}
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
// Include namespace system
using System;
//
// C# Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
public class Node
{
public int data;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data)
{
// Set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
// Define Binary Tree
public class BinaryTree
{
public Node root;
public int location;
public BinaryTree()
{
// Set root of tree
this.root = null;
this.location = 0;
}
// Display inorder elements
public void print_inorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
print_inorder(node.left);
// Print node value
Console.Write(" " + node.data);
print_inorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
public void print_preorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
// Print node value
Console.Write(" " + node.data);
print_preorder(node.left);
print_preorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
public void print_postorder(Node node)
{
if (node != null)
{
print_postorder(node.left);
print_postorder(node.right);
// Print node value
Console.Write(" " + node.data);
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
public Node construct_tree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int first, int last)
{
if (location < 0 || first > last)
{
return null;
}
Node node = null;
for (int i = first; i <= last && node == null; ++i)
{
// Find node
if (postorder[location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = new Node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
this.location = this.location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node.left = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
}
return node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
public void make_tree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int n1, int n2)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
this.root = null;
}
else
{
this.location = n2 - 1;
this.root = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
public void print_tree()
{
if (this.root == null)
{
Console.Write("\n Empty Tree\n");
return;
}
Console.Write("\n Preorder : ");
print_preorder(root);
Console.Write("\n Inorder : ");
print_inorder(root);
Console.Write("\n Postorder : ");
print_postorder(root);
Console.Write("\n");
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
// Create tree object
BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
//
//
int[] inorder = {
4 , 2 , 5 , 1 , 9 , 3 , 7
};
int[] postorder = {
4 , 5 , 2 , 9 , 7 , 3 , 1
};
// Get the size of arrays
int n1 = inorder.Length;
int n2 = postorder.Length;
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
}
}
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
<?php
// Php Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
public $data;
public $left;
public $right;
function __construct($data)
{
// Set node value
$this->data = $data;
$this->left = null;
$this->right = null;
}
}
// Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree
{
public $root;
public $location;
function __construct()
{
// Set root of tree
$this->root = null;
$this->location = 0;
}
// Display inorder elements
public function print_inorder($node)
{
if ($node != null)
{
$this->print_inorder($node->left);
// Print node value
echo " ". $node->data;
$this->print_inorder($node->right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
public function print_preorder($node)
{
if ($node != null)
{
// Print node value
echo " ". $node->data;
$this->print_preorder($node->left);
$this->print_preorder($node->right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
public function print_postorder($node)
{
if ($node != null)
{
$this->print_postorder($node->left);
$this->print_postorder($node->right);
// Print node value
echo " ". $node->data;
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
public function construct_tree( & $inorder, & $postorder, $first, $last)
{
if ($this->location < 0 || $first > $last)
{
return null;
}
$node = null;
for ($i = $first; $i <= $last && $node == null; ++$i)
{
// Find node
if ($postorder[$this->location] == $inorder[$i])
{
// Create node
$node = new Node($inorder[$i]);
// next element of postorder
$this->location = $this->location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
$node->right = $this->construct_tree($inorder, $postorder, $i + 1, $last);
$node->left = $this->construct_tree($inorder, $postorder, $first, $i - 1);
}
}
return $node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
public function make_tree( & $inorder, & $postorder, $n1, $n2)
{
if ($n1 != $n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
$this->root = null;
}
else
{
$this->location = $n2 - 1;
$this->root = $this->construct_tree($inorder, $postorder, 0, $n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
public function print_tree()
{
if ($this->root == null)
{
echo "\n Empty Tree\n";
return;
}
echo "\n Preorder : ";
$this->print_preorder($this->root);
echo "\n Inorder : ";
$this->print_inorder($this->root);
echo "\n Postorder : ";
$this->print_postorder($this->root);
echo "\n";
}
}
function main()
{
// Create tree object
$tree = new BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
//
//
$inorder = array(4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7);
$postorder = array(4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1);
// Get the size of arrays
$n1 = count($inorder);
$n2 = count($postorder);
$tree->make_tree($inorder, $postorder, $n1, $n2);
$tree->print_tree();
}
main();
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
// Node Js Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
constructor(data)
{
// Set node value
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}
// Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree
{
constructor()
{
// Set root of tree
this.root = null;
this.location = 0;
}
// Display inorder elements
print_inorder(node)
{
if (node != null)
{
this.print_inorder(node.left);
// Print node value
process.stdout.write(" " + node.data);
this.print_inorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
print_preorder(node)
{
if (node != null)
{
// Print node value
process.stdout.write(" " + node.data);
this.print_preorder(node.left);
this.print_preorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
print_postorder(node)
{
if (node != null)
{
this.print_postorder(node.left);
this.print_postorder(node.right);
// Print node value
process.stdout.write(" " + node.data);
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, last)
{
if (this.location < 0 || first > last)
{
return null;
}
var node = null;
for (var i = first; i <= last && node == null; ++i)
{
// Find node
if (postorder[this.location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = new Node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
this.location = this.location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = this.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node.left = this.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
}
return node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
this.root = null;
}
else
{
this.location = n2 - 1;
this.root = this.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
print_tree()
{
if (this.root == null)
{
process.stdout.write("\n Empty Tree\n");
return;
}
process.stdout.write("\n Preorder : ");
this.print_preorder(this.root);
process.stdout.write("\n Inorder : ");
this.print_inorder(this.root);
process.stdout.write("\n Postorder : ");
this.print_postorder(this.root);
process.stdout.write("\n");
}
}
function main()
{
// Create tree object
var tree = new BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
//
//
var inorder = [4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7];
var postorder = [4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1];
// Get the size of arrays
var n1 = inorder.length;
var n2 = postorder.length;
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
}
main();
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
# Python 3 Program
# Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
# Binary Tree node
class Node :
def __init__(self, data) :
# Set node value
self.data = data
self.left = None
self.right = None
# Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree :
def __init__(self) :
# Set root of tree
self.root = None
self.location = 0
# Display inorder elements
def print_inorder(self, node) :
if (node != None) :
self.print_inorder(node.left)
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data, end = "")
self.print_inorder(node.right)
# Display pre order elements
def print_preorder(self, node) :
if (node != None) :
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data, end = "")
self.print_preorder(node.left)
self.print_preorder(node.right)
# Display postorder elements
def print_postorder(self, node) :
if (node != None) :
self.print_postorder(node.left)
self.print_postorder(node.right)
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data, end = "")
# Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
def construct_tree(self, inorder, postorder, first, last) :
if (self.location < 0 or first > last) :
return None
node = None
i = first
while (i <= last and node == None) :
# Find node
if (postorder[self.location] == inorder[i]) :
# Create node
node = Node(inorder[i])
# next element of postorder
self.location = self.location - 1
# Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last)
node.left = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1)
i += 1
return node
# handles the request of construct binary tree
def make_tree(self, inorder, postorder, n1, n2) :
if (n1 != n2) :
# Invalid sequence
self.root = None
else :
self.location = n2 - 1
self.root = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1)
# Handles the request of display the element of tree
def print_tree(self) :
if (self.root == None) :
print("\n Empty Tree\n", end = "")
return
print("\n Preorder : ", end = "")
self.print_preorder(self.root)
print("\n Inorder : ", end = "")
self.print_inorder(self.root)
print("\n Postorder : ", end = "")
self.print_postorder(self.root)
print("\n", end = "")
def main() :
# Create tree object
tree = BinaryTree()
#
# --------------
# 1
# / \
# 2 3
# / \ / \
# 4 5 9 7
# ----------------
# Binary Tree
#
inorder = [4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7]
postorder = [4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1]
# Get the size of arrays
n1 = len(inorder)
n2 = len(postorder)
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2)
tree.print_tree()
if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
# Ruby Program
# Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
# Binary Tree node
class Node
# Define the accessor and reader of class Node
attr_reader :data, :left, :right
attr_accessor :data, :left, :right
def initialize(data)
# Set node value
self.data = data
self.left = nil
self.right = nil
end
end
# Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree
# Define the accessor and reader of class BinaryTree
attr_reader :root, :location
attr_accessor :root, :location
def initialize()
# Set root of tree
self.root = nil
self.location = 0
end
# Display inorder elements
def print_inorder(node)
if (node != nil)
self.print_inorder(node.left)
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data)
self.print_inorder(node.right)
end
end
# Display pre order elements
def print_preorder(node)
if (node != nil)
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data)
self.print_preorder(node.left)
self.print_preorder(node.right)
end
end
# Display postorder elements
def print_postorder(node)
if (node != nil)
self.print_postorder(node.left)
self.print_postorder(node.right)
# Print node value
print(" ", node.data)
end
end
# Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
def construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, last)
if (location < 0 || first > last)
return nil
end
node = nil
i = first
while (i <= last && node == nil)
# Find node
if (postorder[location] == inorder[i])
# Create node
node = Node.new(inorder[i])
# next element of postorder
self.location = self.location - 1
# Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last)
node.left = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1)
end
i += 1
end
return node
end
# handles the request of construct binary tree
def make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2)
if (n1 != n2)
# Invalid sequence
self.root = nil
else
self.location = n2 - 1
self.root = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1)
end
end
# Handles the request of display the element of tree
def print_tree()
if (self.root == nil)
print("\n Empty Tree\n")
return
end
print("\n Preorder : ")
self.print_preorder(root)
print("\n Inorder : ")
self.print_inorder(root)
print("\n Postorder : ")
self.print_postorder(root)
print("\n")
end
end
def main()
# Create tree object
tree = BinaryTree.new()
#
# --------------
# 1
# / \
# 2 3
# / \ / \
# 4 5 9 7
# ----------------
# Binary Tree
#
inorder = [4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7]
postorder = [4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1]
# Get the size of arrays
n1 = inorder.length
n2 = postorder.length
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2)
tree.print_tree()
end
main()
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
// Scala Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
class Node(var data: Int , var left: Node , var right: Node)
{
def this(data: Int)
{
this(data, null, null);
}
}
// Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree(var root: Node , var location: Int)
{
def this()
{
this(null, 0);
}
// Display inorder elements
def print_inorder(node: Node): Unit = {
if (node != null)
{
print_inorder(node.left);
// Print node value
print(" " + node.data);
print_inorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
def print_preorder(node: Node): Unit = {
if (node != null)
{
// Print node value
print(" " + node.data);
print_preorder(node.left);
print_preorder(node.right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
def print_postorder(node: Node): Unit = {
if (node != null)
{
print_postorder(node.left);
print_postorder(node.right);
// Print node value
print(" " + node.data);
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
def construct_tree(inorder: Array[Int], postorder: Array[Int], first: Int, last: Int): Node = {
if (location < 0 || first > last)
{
return null;
}
var node: Node = null;
var i: Int = first;
while (i <= last && node == null)
{
// Find node
if (postorder(location) == inorder(i))
{
// Create node
node = new Node(inorder(i));
// next element of postorder
this.location = this.location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node.right = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node.left = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
i += 1;
}
return node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
def make_tree(inorder: Array[Int], postorder: Array[Int], n1: Int, n2: Int): Unit = {
if (n1 != n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
this.root = null;
}
else
{
this.location = n2 - 1;
this.root = construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
def print_tree(): Unit = {
if (this.root == null)
{
print("\n Empty Tree\n");
return;
}
print("\n Preorder : ");
print_preorder(root);
print("\n Inorder : ");
print_inorder(root);
print("\n Postorder : ");
print_postorder(root);
print("\n");
}
}
object Main
{
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
// Create tree object
var tree: BinaryTree = new BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
// Binary Tree
//
var inorder: Array[Int] = Array(4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7);
var postorder: Array[Int] = Array(4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1);
// Get the size of arrays
var n1: Int = inorder.length;
var n2: Int = postorder.length;
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
}
}
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
// Swift 4 Program
// Construct binary tree from inorder and postorder traversal
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
var data: Int;
var left: Node? ;
var right: Node? ;
init(_ data: Int)
{
// Set node value
self.data = data;
self.left = nil;
self.right = nil;
}
}
// Define Binary Tree
class BinaryTree
{
var root: Node? ;
var location: Int;
init()
{
// Set root of tree
self.root = nil;
self.location = 0;
}
// Display inorder elements
func print_inorder(_ node: Node? )
{
if (node != nil)
{
self.print_inorder(node!.left);
// Print node value
print(" ", node!.data, terminator: "");
self.print_inorder(node!.right);
}
}
// Display pre order elements
func print_preorder(_ node: Node? )
{
if (node != nil)
{
// Print node value
print(" ", node!.data, terminator: "");
self.print_preorder(node!.left);
self.print_preorder(node!.right);
}
}
// Display postorder elements
func print_postorder(_ node: Node? )
{
if (node != nil)
{
self.print_postorder(node!.left);
self.print_postorder(node!.right);
// Print node value
print(" ", node!.data, terminator: "");
}
}
// Constructing a binary tree from given inorder and postorder
func construct_tree(_ inorder: [Int], _ postorder: [Int], _ first: Int, _ last: Int)->Node?
{
if (self.location < 0 || first > last)
{
return nil;
}
var node: Node? = nil;
var i: Int = first;
while (i <= last && node == nil)
{
// Find node
if (postorder[self.location] == inorder[i])
{
// Create node
node = Node(inorder[i]);
// next element of postorder
self.location = self.location - 1;
// Recursively constructing left and right subtree
node!.right = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, i + 1, last);
node!.left = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, first, i - 1);
}
i += 1;
}
return node;
}
// handles the request of construct binary tree
func make_tree(_ inorder: [Int], _ postorder: [Int], _ n1: Int, _ n2: Int)
{
if (n1 != n2)
{
// Invalid sequence
self.root = nil;
}
else
{
self.location = n2 - 1;
self.root = self.construct_tree(inorder, postorder, 0, n1 - 1);
}
}
// Handles the request of display the element of tree
func print_tree()
{
if (self.root == nil)
{
print("\n Empty Tree\n", terminator: "");
return;
}
print("\n Preorder : ", terminator: "");
self.print_preorder(self.root);
print("\n Inorder : ", terminator: "");
self.print_inorder(self.root);
print("\n Postorder : ", terminator: "");
self.print_postorder(self.root);
print("\n", terminator: "");
}
}
func main()
{
// Create tree object
let tree: BinaryTree = BinaryTree();
//
// --------------
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 9 7
// ----------------
// Binary Tree
//
let inorder: [Int] = [4, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 7];
let postorder: [Int] = [4, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 1];
// Get the size of arrays
let n1: Int = inorder.count;
let n2: Int = postorder.count;
tree.make_tree(inorder, postorder, n1, n2);
tree.print_tree();
}
main();
Output
Preorder : 1 2 4 5 3 9 7
Inorder : 4 2 5 1 9 3 7
Postorder : 4 5 2 9 7 3 1
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