AVL tree with duplicate key
AVL trees are powerful data structures that maintain their balanced nature while enabling efficient operations such as insertion, deletion, and searching. However, in some scenarios, duplicate keys might be necessary. This article explores the concept of an AVL tree with duplicate keys, discussing its implementation, providing examples, explaining the underlying logic, and presenting the outcome of various operations.
Problem Statement and Description
The challenge at hand is to modify the conventional AVL tree structure to accommodate duplicate keys while preserving its self-balancing properties. We will delve into the process of adding nodes with duplicate keys, adjusting the tree height, performing rotations, and ensuring that the tree remains balanced after insertions and deletions.
Example
Let's consider an AVL tree with duplicate keys:
12(1)
/ \
7(2) 17(1)
/ \ \
2(1) 11(1) 19(1)
/ \
5(1) 7(1)
We will perform insertions and deletions in this tree while maintaining the AVL properties.
Idea to Solve
To implement an AVL tree with duplicate keys, we'll modify the insertion and deletion operations as follows:
- In the insertion process, if a key already exists, we'll increment its occurrence counter instead of rejecting it.
- In the deletion process, when we encounter a node with duplicate keys, we'll decrement its occurrence counter. If the counter reaches zero, we'll proceed with the standard AVL deletion process.
Pseudocode
class LinkNode:
int key
int height
int occurrence
LinkNode left
LinkNode right
LinkNode(key):
this.key = key
this.height = 1
this.occurrence = 1
this.left = nullptr
this.right = nullptr
class AvlTree:
LinkNode root
AvlTree():
this.root = nullptr
int getHeight(node):
return 0 if node is nullptr else node.height
int max(a, b):
return a if a > b else b
LinkNode rightRotate(node):
...
LinkNode leftRotate(node):
...
int getBalanceFactor(node):
...
LinkNode addNode(node, key):
...
void preorder(node):
...
LinkNode minKeyNode(node):
...
LinkNode deleteNode(node, key):
...
bool isNodeExist(node, key):
...
void deleteKeyNode(key):
...
Algorithm Explanation
- The algorithm is implemented using classes and methods.
- The
addNode
function adds nodes with duplicate keys by incrementing occurrence counters. - The
deleteKeyNode
function handles the deletion of nodes while considering occurrence counters. - The remaining methods are analogous to the ones in a standard AVL tree implementation.
Code Solution
-
1) Avl tree with duplicate keys in c++
2) Avl tree with duplicate keys in c
3) Avl tree with duplicate keys in java
4) Avl tree with duplicate keys in c#
5) Avl tree with duplicate keys in vb.net
6) Avl tree with duplicate keys in php
7) Avl tree with duplicate keys in node js
8) Avl tree with duplicate keys in python
9) Avl tree with duplicate keys in ruby
10) Avl tree with duplicate keys in scala
11) Avl tree with duplicate keys in swift
12) Avl tree with duplicate keys in kotlin
13) Avl tree with duplicate keys in golang
14) Avl tree with duplicate keys in typescript
Important notes : When we are need one extra field to manage duplicate nodes.
Time Complexity
The time complexity of insertion and deletion in an AVL tree with duplicate keys remains O(log n), just like in a standard AVL tree. The balance factor adjustment and rotation operations maintain this efficiency.
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